Equipping our public health nutrition workforce to promote planetary health - a case example of tertiary education co-designed with students.

Objective: The public health nutrition workforce is well-placed to contribute to bold climate action, however tertiary educators are seeking practical examples of how to adequately prepare our future workforce. This study examines the responses of university students engaged in a co-designed planetary health education workshop as part of their public health nutrition training.

Design: A mixed-methods approach was used to collect and interpret student responses to four interactive tasks facilitated during an in-person workshop.

New species and records of tardigrades from a biological repository collection from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.

The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM) is a mountain range in northern Colombia, recognized for its high biological richness. To date, the existence of 27 species of tardigrades is known for this particular region. Morphological and morphometric analysis of 51 specimens, found in 16 samples of bryophytes and lichens collected at the SNSM, and deposited in the tardigrade collection of the "Centro de Colecciones Científicas de la Universidad del Magdalena" between 2011 and 2016 was carried out.

Introducing dorsoventral patterning in adult regenerating lizard tails with gene-edited embryonic neural stem cells.

Lizards regenerate amputated tails but fail to recapitulate the dorsoventral patterning achieved during embryonic development. Regenerated lizard tails form ependymal tubes (ETs) that, like embryonic tail neural tubes (NTs), induce cartilage differentiation in surrounding cells via sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling. However, adult ETs lack characteristically roof plate-associated structures and express Shh throughout their circumferences, resulting in the formation of unpatterned cartilage tubes.

Characterisation of Community Mental Health Consultations in a Primary Care Centre in Cali, Colombia.

Objective: To characterise community mental health consultations in a primary care centre in Cali, Colombia.

Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. A secondary database was used, systematically recording patients seen in the community outpatient clinic, and a description of the information recorded therein was prepared.

The effect of normal, metaplastic, and neoplastic esophageal extracellular matrix upon macrophage activation.

Introduction: Macrophages are capable of extreme plasticity and their activation state has been strongly associated with solid tumor growth progression and regression. Although the macrophage response to extracellular matrix (ECM) isolated from normal tissue is reasonably well understood, there is a relative dearth of information regarding their response to ECM isolated from chronically inflamed tissues, pre-neoplastic tissues, and neoplastic tissues. Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a type of neoplasia driven by chronic inflammation in the distal esophagus, and the length of the esophagus provides the opportunity to investigate macrophage behavior in the presence of ECM isolated from a range of disease states within the same organ.

Description of a new genus and species (Eutardigrada: Richtersiidae) from Colombia, with comments on the family Richtersiidae.

The new genus of the macrobiotoid family Richtersiidae Guidetti, Rebecchi, Bertolani, Jönsson, Kristensen Cesari, 2016 Crenubiotus gen. nov. is described, based on Crenubiotus crenulatus comb.

Single Cell Sequencing Analysis of Lizard Phagocytic Cell Populations and Their Role in Tail Regeneration.

Lizards are the closest relatives of mammals capable of tail regeneration, but the specific determinants of amniote regenerative capabilities are currently unknown. Macrophages are phagocytic immune cells that play a critical role in wound healing and tissue regeneration in a wide range of species. We hypothesize that macrophages regulate the process of lizard tail regeneration, and that comparisons with mammalian cell populations will yield insight into the role phagocytes play in determining an organism's regenerative potential.

gen. nov., sp. nov. an interesting eutardigrade (Hypsibiidae, Itaquasconinae) from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.

A new genus of Itaquasconinae, , and a new species, , are described. The new genus has characters present in other genera of Itaquasconinae but in a unique combination. The spiral thickening of the bucco-pharyngeal tube is also present anteriorly to the insertion point of the stylet supports, excluding only the short portion where the apophyses for the insertion of the stylet muscles (AISM) are present.

4-Hydroxybutyrate Promotes Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptide Expression in Macrophages.

This study evaluated the biological activity of hydroxylated derivatives of butyrate as inductors of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages . A differential modulation of AMP expression by the hydroxylated derivatives of butyrate is shown. The ability of sodium 4-hydroxybutyrate to upregulate AMP expression through a histone deacetylase inhibitory-independent mechanism, and to promote increased resistance to bacterial contamination are also shown.

[Histological and clinical characteristics of cases of immunoglobulin G4-related disease in a tertiary hospital, in Cali, Colombia].

Introduction: Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease has been described in the last decade. It is a fibro-inflammatory condition capable of affecting almost every organ and diagnosis requires both clinical and paraclinical confirmation. We present the largest study to date in Colombia.

Differences in neural stem cell identity and differentiation capacity drive divergent regenerative outcomes in lizards and salamanders.

While lizards and salamanders both exhibit the ability to regenerate amputated tails, the outcomes achieved by each are markedly different. Salamanders, such as , regenerate nearly identical copies of original tails. Regenerated lizard tails, however, exhibit important morphological differences compared with originals.

TISSUE REPAIR AND EPIMORPHIC REGENERATION: AN OVERVIEW.

Purpose Of The Review: This manuscript discusses wound healing as a component of epimorphic regeneration and the role of the immune system in this process.

Recent Findings: Epimorphic regeneration involves formation of a blastema, a mass of undifferentiated cells capable of giving rise to the regenerated tissues. The apical epithelial cap plays an important role in blastemal formation.

Cartilage and Muscle Cell Fate and Origins during Lizard Tail Regeneration.

Introduction: Human cartilage is an avascular tissue with limited capacity for repair. By contrast, certain lizards are capable of musculoskeletal tissue regeneration following tail loss throughout all stages of their lives. This extraordinary ability is the result of a complex process in which a blastema forms and gives rise to the tissues of the regenerate.

Echiniscidae from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, new records and a new species of Thulin, 1928 (Tardigrada).

Three species of are recorded for the first time from Colombia: , , and . In addition, the description of the new species , is mainly based on the presence of ten paired plus two unpaired granularly sculptured ventral plates, the dorsal plate ornamentation with superficial irregular pores, no spine on the anterior legs, and the hind legs without papillae or dentate collar.

The Effect of Mechanical Loading Upon Extracellular Matrix Bioscaffold-Mediated Skeletal Muscle Remodeling.

Mounting evidence suggests that site-appropriate loading of implanted extracellular matrix (ECM) bioscaffolds and the surrounding microenvironment is an important tissue remodeling determinant, although the role at the cellular level in ECM-mediated skeletal muscle remodeling remains unknown. This study evaluates crosstalk between progenitor cells and macrophages during mechanical loading in ECM-mediated skeletal muscle repair. Myoblasts were exposed to solubilized ECM bioscaffolds and were mechanically loaded at 10% strain, 1 Hz for 5 h.

Biologic Scaffolds.

Biologic scaffold materials composed of allogeneic or xenogeneic extracellular matrix are commonly used for the repair and functional reconstruction of injured and missing tissues. These naturally occurring bioscaffolds are manufactured by the removal of the cellular content from source tissues while preserving the structural and functional molecular units of the remaining extracellular matrix (ECM). The mechanisms by which these bioscaffolds facilitate constructive remodeling and favorable clinical outcomes include release or creation of effector molecules that recruit endogenous stem/progenitor cells to the site of scaffold placement and modulation of the innate immune response, specifically the activation of an anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype.

The effect of cell debris within biologic scaffolds upon the macrophage response.

All biomaterials, including biologic scaffolds composed of extracellular matrix (ECM), elicit a host immune response when implanted. The type and intensity of this response depends in part upon the thoroughness of decellularization and removal of cell debris from the source tissue. Proinflammatory responses have been associated with negative downstream remodeling events including scar tissue formation, encapsulation, and seroma formation.

Mechanical strength vs. degradation of a biologically-derived surgical mesh over time in a rodent full thickness abdominal wall defect.

The use of synthetic surgical mesh materials has been shown to decrease the incidence of hernia recurrence, but can be associated with undesirable effects such as infection, chronic discomfort, and adhesion to viscera. Surgical meshes composed of extracellular matrix (i.e.

Emerging Implications for Extracellular Matrix-Based Technologies in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation.

Despite recent progress in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA), limitations including complex, high dose immunosuppression regimens, lifelong risk of toxicity from immunosuppressants, acute and most critically chronic graft rejection, and suboptimal nerve regeneration remain particularly challenging obstacles restricting clinical progress. When properly configured, customized, and implemented, biomaterials derived from the extracellular matrix (ECM) retain bioactive molecules and immunomodulatory properties that can promote stem cell migration, proliferation and differentiation, and constructive functional tissue remodeling. The present paper reviews the emerging implications of ECM-based technologies in VCA, including local immunomodulation, tissue repair, nerve regeneration, minimally invasive graft targeted drug delivery, stem cell transplantation, and other donor graft manipulation.

Inhibition of COX1/2 alters the host response and reduces ECM scaffold mediated constructive tissue remodeling in a rodent model of skeletal muscle injury.

Unlabelled: Extracellular matrix (ECM) has been used as a biologic scaffold material to both reinforce the surgical repair of soft tissue and serve as an inductive template to promote a constructive tissue remodeling response. Success of such an approach is dependent on macrophage-mediated degradation and remodeling of the biologic scaffold. Macrophage phenotype during these processes is a predictive factor of the eventual remodeling outcome.

Strategies for skeletal muscle tissue engineering: seed vs. soil.

The most commonly used tissue engineering approach includes the ex vivo combination of site-appropriate cell(s) and scaffold material(s) to create three-dimensional constructs for tissue replacement or reconstruction. These three-dimensional combinations are typically subjected to a period of culture and conditioning (i.e.

Preparation and characterization of a biologic scaffold and hydrogel derived from colonic mucosa.

Gastrointestinal pathologies, injuries, and defects affect millions of individuals each year. While there are diverse treatment options for these individuals, no ideal solution exists. The repair or replacement of gastrointestinal tissue, therefore, represents a large unmet clinical need.

Tissue-Specific Effects of Esophageal Extracellular Matrix.

Biologic scaffolds composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) have been used to facilitate repair or remodeling of numerous tissues, including the esophagus. The theoretically ideal scaffold for tissue repair is the ECM derived from the particular tissue to be treated, that is, site-specific or homologous ECM. The preference or potential advantage for the use of site-specific ECM remains unknown in the esophageal location.

The genus Milnesium (Eutardigrada: Milnesiidae) in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Colombia), with the description of Milnesium kogui sp. nov.

A new species, Milnesium kogui sp. nov. is described from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.

MicroRNA signature characterizes primary tumors that metastasize in an esophageal adenocarcinoma rat model.

Objective: To establish a miRNA signature for metastasis in an animal model of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC).

Background: The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has dramatically increased and esophageal cancer is now the sixth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Mortality rates remain high among patients with advanced stage disease and esophagectomy is associated with high complication rates.