Guinea pig (Cavio cambayo) 5S rRNA genes map to 7q2, 20q2 and 30q2 shown by an R-banded karyotype with PNA-FISH.

A karyotype for the guinea pig (Cavio cambayo) is proposed based on an R-banding pattern. R-bands were obtained by BrdU incorporation into the cells followed by a combined DAPI and propidium iodide staining of the fixed metaphase spreads. In situ hybridization was performed with two biotinylated 18-mer PNA (peptide nucleic acid) probes complementary to sequences within the 5S rRNA gene.

Syrian hamster 5S rRNA genes are assigned to 6q2 with PNA-FISH by an R-banded karyotype.

A karyotype for the Syrian hamster is proposed based on an R-banding pattern. R-bands were obtained by BrdU incorporation into the cells followed by a combined DAPI and propidium iodide staining of the fixed metaphase spreads. In situ hybridisation was performed with two biotinylated 18-mer PNA (peptide nucleic acid) probes complementary to sequences within the 5S rRNA gene.

Mink 5S rRNA genes map to 2q in three loci suggesting conservation of synteny with human 1q.

By in situ hybridization we show that the SS rRNA genes in the mink map to chromosome 2q in three loci. The 2q1.1 locus containing 34% of the 5S rDNA, maps close to the centromere, and the remaining two loci of the 5S rDNA map to 2q1.

The rat 5S rRNA bona fide gene repeat maps to chromosome 19q12-->qter and the pseudogene repeat maps to 12q12.

The bona fide 5S rRNA genes in the rat are found in a 1.8-kb tandem repeat and the pseudogenes occur in a 2.5-kb tandem repeat.

Additional assignment of the human 5S rRNA genes to chromosome region 1q31.

A major fraction of the human 5S rRNA genes has previously been assigned to chromosome region 1q42.11-->q42.13 (Sørensen et al.

Transcription of human 5S rRNA genes is influenced by an upstream DNA sequence.

Six human 5S rRNA genes and gene variants and one pseudogene have been sequenced. The six genes/variants were transcribed in a HeLa cell extract with about equal efficiency. Three genes contain the Sp1 binding sequence GGGCGG in position -43 to -38 and three genes contain the Sp1 like sequence GGGCCG in this position.

Fine mapping of human 5S rRNA genes to chromosome 1q42.11----q42.13.

The human 5S rRNA genes have been localized by in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes. Tritiated RNA probes were made by transcription from 2.300-bp and 638-bp DNA fragments containing an isolated human 5S rRNA gene.

Optimization of in situ hybridization to human metaphase chromosomes.

A simplified method describing optimal conditions for in situ hybridization to human chromosomes is presented. A 1.5-kb DNA fragment coding for part of the 28 S rRNA was subcloned into pSP65.

Detection of a few picograms of DNA on polyacrylamide gels by silver staining.

DNA fragments separated on polyacrylamide gels are silver stained in ethanolamine solution. The staining procedure can be completed in 3 1/2 h. Illumination of the gels on a black background increases the sensitivity of detection compared with the usual transillumination.

The effect of pH on silver staining of nucleolus organizer regions.

The effect of pH on silver staining of the nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) of human chromosomes has been investigated between pH 6.5 and 12.0.

Spinal or general anaesthesia for surgery of the fractured hip? A prospective study of mortality in 578 patients.

The mortality following surgical correction of upper femoral fractures was investigated in 578 patients, over the age of 50 yr, randomly allocated to receive spinal (bupivacaine) or general (enflurane or neurolept) anaesthesia. Thirty days after surgery the mortality was 6% after spinal and 8% after general anaesthesia (ns). Six months to 2 years after surgery the mortality was identical in the two groups.

Immediate and long-term mental recovery from general versus epidural anesthesia in elderly patients.

The postoperative course of mental performance during the first week and at 3 months after operation was studied in 30 patients above the age of 60, undergoing total hip replacement arthroplasty. The patients were randomly allocated to receive either general anesthesia, epidural analgesia, or general anesthesia plus epidural analgesia. The surgically induced increase in plasma cortisol and glucose was inhibited in the two groups receiving epidural analgesia.

Atropine before enflurane anaesthesia: effects on cardiac rhythm, pulse rate, blood pressure and airway secretion.

The occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias and changes in pulse rate and blood pressure during mask anaesthesia with enflurane was investigated in 92 patients with special reference to the influence of atropine (0.01 mg kg-1 5 min before anaesthesia) and thiopental. The average duration of anaesthesia was a little less than 1 h in all four groups.

Halothane anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration for tonsillectomy in children.

Bains's anaesthetic circuit was used in 22 children undergoing tonsillectomy under halothane anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration. End-tidal CO2 was monitored by capnography. The median maximum end-tidal CO2 was 7%, and during surgery nine patients had an end-tidal CO2 higher than 7%, corresponding to a Paco2 close to 8 kPa when the arterial to end-tidal CO2 difference is taken into consideration.

Arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide tension difference in children under halothane anaesthesia.

Using blood gas determinations and capnography, the relationship between arterial and end-tidal PCO2 was investigated in 20 children under halothane anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration. A median arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide tension difference of 0.66 kPa (5 mm Hg) was found.

Paroxetine: pharmacokinetics, tolerance and depletion of blood 5-HT in man.

The tolerance of paroxetine (FG 7051), as well as its pharmacokinetics and reduction of 5-HT in blood, has been investigated in man. Three normal, healthy volunteers were administered the single doses 10, 25, 50, and 75 mg orally, and three volunteers received 10, 25, and 50 mg per day for seven or fourteen days. No toxic effect on blood, kidney, liver, heart or general condition was found by chemical and physical examinations.