Desiccation as a Post-maturation Treatment Helps Complete Maturation of Norway Spruce Somatic Embryos: Carbohydrates, Phytohormones and Proteomic Status.

Exposure of Norway spruce () somatic embryos and those of many other conifers to post-maturation desiccation treatment significantly improves their germination. An integration analysis was conducted to understand the underlying processes induced during the desiccation phase at the molecular level. Carbohydrate, protein and phytohormone assays associated with histological and proteomic studies were performed for the evaluation of markers and actors in this phase.

Proteome changes in muscles, ganglia, and gills in Corbicula fluminea clams exposed to crude oil: Relationship with behavioural disturbances.

The use of online remote control for 24/7 behavioural monitoring can play a key role in estimating the environmental status of aquatic ecosystems. Recording the valve activity of bivalve molluscs is a relevant approach in this context. However, a clear understanding of the underlying disturbances associated with behaviour is a key step.

Cytological, Biochemical and Molecular Events of the Embryogenic State in Douglas-fir ( [Mirb.]).

Somatic embryogenesis techniques have been developed for most coniferous species, but only using very juvenile material. To extend the techniques' scope, better integrated understanding of the key biological, physiological and molecular characteristics of embryogenic state is required. Therefore, embryonal masses (EMs) and non-embryogenic calli (NECs) have been compared during proliferation at multiple levels.

Repetitive somatic embryogenesis induced cytological and proteomic changes in embryogenic lines of Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.].

Background: To explore poorly understood differences between primary and subsequent somatic embryogenic lines of plants, we induced secondary (2) and tertiary (3) lines from cotyledonary somatic embryos (SEs) of two Douglas-fir genotypes: SD4 and TD17. The 2 lines exhibited significantly higher embryogenic potential (SE yields) than the 1 lines initiated from zygotic embryos (SD4, 2155 vs 477; TD17, 240 vs 29 g f.w.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells attached to a surface display a typical proteome early as 20 minutes of incubation.

Biofilms are present in all environments and often result in negative effects due to properties of the biofilm lifestyle and especially antibiotics resistance. Biofilms are associated with chronic infections. Controlling bacterial attachment, the first step of biofilm formation, is crucial for fighting against biofilm and subsequently preventing the persistence of infection.

Sensing of cell stress by human γδ TCR-dependent recognition of annexin A2.

Human γδ T cells comprise a first line of defense through T-cell receptor (TCR) recognition of stressed cells. However, the molecular determinants and stress pathways involved in this recognition are largely unknown. Here we show that exposure of tumor cells to various stress situations led to tumor cell recognition by a Vγ8Vδ3 TCR.

The extracellular matrix of the oleolytic biofilms of Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus comprises cytoplasmic proteins and T2SS effectors that promote growth on hydrocarbons and lipids.

The assimilation of the nearly water insoluble substrates hydrocarbons and lipids by bacteria entails specific adaptations such as the formation of oleolytic biofilms. The present article reports that the extracellular matrix of an oleolytic biofilm formed by Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus at n-hexadecane-water interfaces is largely composed of proteins typically cytoplasmic such as translation factors and chaperones, and a lesser amount of proteins of unknown function that are predicted extra-cytoplasmic. Matrix proteins appear to form a structured film on hydrophobic interfaces and were found mandatory for the development of biofilms on lipids, alkanes and polystyrene.

Purification process of recombinant monoclonal antibodies with mixed mode chromatography.

An innovative process to purify mAb from CHO cell culture supernatant was developed. This three-step process involved two mixed mode resins and an anion exchange membrane. We used a human IgG mixture to determine the optimal conditions for each purification step.

Cotyledonary somatic embryos of Pinus pinaster Ait. most closely resemble fresh, maturing cotyledonary zygotic embryos: biological, carbohydrate and proteomic analyses.

Cotyledonary somatic embryos (SEs) of maritime pine are routinely matured for 12 weeks before being germinated and converted to plantlets. Although regeneration success is highly dependent on SEs quality, the date of harvesting is currently determined mainly on the basis of morphological features. This empirical method does not provide any accurate information about embryo quality with respect to storage compounds (proteins, carbohydrates).

Antibody capture by mixed-mode chromatography: a comprehensive study from determination of optimal purification conditions to identification of contaminating host cell proteins.

We evaluated mixed mode chromatography for the capture of recombinant antibodies from CHO cell culture supernatants. We studied PPA HyperCel, HEA HyperCel, MEP HyperCel and Capto adhere resins, which all contain hydrophobic and cationic groups. A microplate approach combined with DoE modeling allowed the exploration of the complex behaviors of these mixed mode resins.

Mycoplasma mycoides, from "mycoides Small Colony" to "capri". A microevolutionary perspective.

Background: The Mycoplasma mycoides cluster consists of five species or subspecies that are ruminant pathogens. One subspecies, Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides Small Colony (MmmSC), is the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Its very close relative, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp.

Interaction between environmental factors affects the accumulation of root proteins in hydroponically grown Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.).

Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.) is used for pulp and paper production worldwide. In this report we studied changes in protein expression in one osmotically stressed elite clone widely used in industrial plantations in Spain.

Increased gelling agent concentration promotes somatic embryo maturation in hybrid larch (Larix × eurolepsis): a 2-DE proteomic analysis.

An integrated physiological and proteomic approach was used to investigate the effects of high gellan gum concentration in the medium during maturation of somatic embryos (SE) of hybrid larch, by comparing embryos incubated in media with a high gellan gum concentration (8 g l(-1) ) and the standard concentration (4 g l(-1) ) after 1, 3, 6 and 8 weeks of maturation. Because of the reduced availability of water in the 8 g l(-1) medium, the cultured embryos had a lower osmotic water potential (Ψπ) and water contents, but higher dry weights (DWs), at 8 weeks compared with embryos cultured on the standard medium. The high gellan gum concentration induced a desiccation that is characteristic in zygotic embryo maturation.

Hunting down fungal secretomes using liquid-phase IEF prior to high resolution 2-DE.

The secreted proteins (secretome) of fungi play a key role in interactions of pathogenic and symbiotic fungi with plants. Using the plant pathogenic fungus Leptosphaeria maculans and symbiont Laccaria bicolor grown in culture, we have established a proteomic protocol for extraction, concentration and resolution of the fungal secretome. As no proteomic data were available on mycelium tissues from both L.

Leaf proteome analysis of eight Populus xeuramericana genotypes: genetic variation in drought response and in water-use efficiency involves photosynthesis-related proteins.

Genetic variation of leaf proteome in drought response was investigated among eight Populus xeuramericana genotypes contrasting for their leaf carbon isotope discrimination (Delta), an estimate of intrinsic water-use efficiency. Plants were grown in open field on two similar plots. Drought was induced by an 86-day irrigation cessation on one plot, whereas a second plot remained regularly irrigated.

Genetic variation and drought response in two Populus x euramericana genotypes through 2-DE proteomic analysis of leaves from field and glasshouse cultivated plants.

Genotype and water deficit effects on leaf 2-DE protein profiles of two Populus deltoides x Populus nigra, cv. 'Agathe_F' and 'Cima', were analysed over a short-term period of 18 days in glasshouse using 4-month-old rooted cuttings and over a long-lasting period of 86 days in open field using 4-year-old rooted cuttings. Leaf proteomes were analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and proteins were identified after database searching from MS peptide spectra.

Heterogeneity of brainstem blood flow response to hypoxia in the anesthetized rat.

Cerebral blood flow is strictly regulated during hypoxic stress. Because of the preponderant role of the brainstem in cardiorespiratory controls, blood flow response to hypoxia is stronger in this region than in the cortex. However, the brainstem is made up of various regions, which differ in their responsiveness to chemical stimuli.

Heterogeneity of brainstem blood flow response to hypoxia in the anesthetized rat.

Cerebral blood flow is strictly regulated during hypoxic stress. Because of the preponderant role of the brainstem in cardiorespiratory controls, blood flow response to hypoxia is stronger in this region than in the cortex. However, the brainstem is made up of various regions which differ in their responsiveness to chemical stimuli.

In vitro accuracy of three blood O2 saturation optic catheter systems.

Objective: The measure of the precision and accuracy of three optic SvO2 systems in vitro (SAT-2 Baxter, oximetrix 3 Abbott, HEMOPRO-2 Spectramed in a wide range of saturations (24-85%) and hematocrit (20-40%).

Design: In vitro comparison of the results given by a Co-Oximeter and the SvO2 systems.

Measurements And Results: 144 blood samples were tonometered with a variety of gas mixtures.

Echocardiographic assessment of myocardial performance after prolonged strenuous exercise.

To determine the effect of strenuous prolonged exercise on systolic and diastolic left ventricular function, 11 non-elite marathon runners aged 37 +/- 7 years (mean +/- SD) were studied before and during early recovery from a marathon race. Cavity dimensions, wall thickness, and fractional shortening were computed from two-dimensionally guided M-mode echocardiograms. Doppler left ventricular inflow tract recordings were analysed for peak early and late velocities and their ratio.