An agent-based model for collaborative learning to combat antimicrobial resistance: proof of concept based on broiler production in Senegal.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a substantial global One Health problem. This paper reports on initial, proof-of-concept development of an agent-based model (ABM) as part of wider modelling efforts to support collaborations between groups interested in policy development for animal health and food systems. The model simulates AMR in poultry production in Senegal.

Multi-omic applications for understanding and enhancing tropical fruit flavour.

Consumer trends towards nutrient-rich foods are contributing to global increasing demand for tropical fruit. However, commercial cultivars in the breeding pipeline that are tailored to meet market demand are at risk of possessing reduced fruit flavour qualities. This stems from recurrent prioritised selection for superior agronomic traits and not fruit flavour, which may in turn reduce consumer satisfaction.

Mesoionic carbene-based self-assembled monolayers on gold.

N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) have been widely studied as ligands for surface chemistry, and have shown advantages compared to existing ligands ( thiols). Herein, we introduce mesoionic carbenes (MICs) as a new type of surface ligand. MICs exhibit higher σ-donor ability compared to typical NHCs, yet they have received little attention in the area of surface chemistry.

Mental Imagery to Reduce Alcohol-related harm in patients with alcohol use disorder and alcohol-related liver damaGE: the MIRAGE randomised pilot trial results.

Objective: The healthcare burden of alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) is increasing. ARLD and alcohol use disorder (AUD) is best managed by reduction or cessation of alcohol use, but effective treatments are lacking. We tested whether people with ARLD and AUD admitted to hospital could be recruited to and retained in a trial of Functional Imagery Training (FIT), a psychological therapy that uses mental imagery to reduce alcohol craving.

Evidence-Based Performance Measures for Reconstruction after Skin Cancer Resection: A Multidisciplinary Performance Measure Set.

Background: The American Society of Plastic Surgeons commissioned the multidisciplinary Performance Measure Development Work Group on Reconstruction after Skin Cancer Resection to identify and draft quality measures for the care of patients undergoing skin cancer reconstruction. Included stakeholders were the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the American Academy of Dermatology, the American Society of Dermatologic Surgery, the American College of Mohs Surgery, the American Society for Mohs Surgery, and a patient representative.

Methods: Two outcome measures and five process measures were identified.

Non-operative Management of a Rare Segmental Clavicle Fracture in an Adolescent Patient: A Case Report.

A 12-year-old Caucasian male presented to the clinic with a displaced, segmental left clavicle fracture involving the distal clavicle after falling from a zip line. He was treated non-operatively in a sling and returned to normal activities without restrictions after three months. At one year, the patient was able to maintain his pre-injury baseline function without limitations of his left shoulder.

An extension of the BioAssay Ontology to include pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic terminology for the enrichment of scientific workflows.

With the capacity to produce and record data electronically, Scientific research and the data associated with it have grown at an unprecedented rate. However, despite a decent amount of data now existing in an electronic form, it is still common for scientific research to be recorded in an unstructured text format with inconsistent context (vocabularies) which vastly reduces the potential for direct intelligent analysis. Research has demonstrated that the use of semantic technologies such as ontologies to structure and enrich scientific data can greatly improve this potential.

NCTC3000: a century of bacterial strain collecting leads to a rich genomic data resource.

The National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC) was founded on 1 January 1920 in order to fulfil a recognized need for a centralized repository for bacterial and fungal strains within the UK. It is among the longest-established collections of its kind anywhere in the world and today holds approximately 6000 type and reference bacterial strains - many of medical, scientific and veterinary importance - available to academic, health, food and veterinary institutions worldwide. Recently, a collaboration between NCTC, Pacific Biosciences and the Wellcome Sanger Institute established the NCTC3000 project to long-read sequence and assemble the genomes of up to 3000 NCTC strains.

Geographical variations in long term colorectal cancer outcomes in England: a contemporary population analysis revealing the north-south divide in colorectal cancer survival.

Background: Regional variations in healthcare outcomes in England have been historically reported. This study analyses the variations in long term colorectal cancer survival across different regions in England.

Methods: Relative survival analysis of population data obtained from all cancer registries in England between 2010 and 2014.

Last glacial loess dynamics in the Southern Caucasus (NE-Armenia) and the phenomenon of missing loess deposition during MIS-2.

The Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2 is considered the coldest, driest and stormiest period during the last Glacial-Interglacial cycle in large parts of Eurasia. This resulted from strongly decreased northern hemisphere temperature and related maximum extension of northern ice sheets that strongly reinforced large-scale circulation modes such as westerlies and East Asian Winter Monsoon driven by the Siberian High. Normally, this intensified circulation is reflected by maximum loess deposition in numerous loess regions spanning Europe and Asia.

Brief intervention to reduce fatigue impact in patients with inflammatory arthritis: design and outcomes of a single-arm feasibility study.

Objectives: Patients with inflammatory arthritis report that fatigue is challenging to manage. We developed a manualised, one-to-one, cognitive-behavioural intervention, delivered by rheumatology health professionals (RHPs). The Fatigue - Reducing its Effects through individualised support Episodes in Inflammatory Arthritis (FREE-IA) study tested the feasibility of RHP training, intervention delivery and outcome collection ahead of a potential trial of clinical and cost-effectiveness.

Bayesian imputation of COVID-19 positive test counts for nowcasting under reporting lag.

Obtaining up to date information on the number of UK COVID-19 regional infections is hampered by the reporting lag in positive test results for people with COVID-19 symptoms. In the UK, for 'Pillar 2' swab tests for those showing symptoms, it can take up to five days for results to be collated. We make use of the stability of the under reporting process over time to motivate a statistical temporal model that infers the final total count given the partial count information as it arrives.

Mental Imagery to Reduce Alcohol-related harm in patients with alcohol dependence and alcohol-related liver damaGE: the MIRAGE pilot trial protocol.

Introduction: In the UK, alcohol use is the main driver of chronic liver disease and each year results in over 1 million unplanned hospital admissions and over 25 000 deaths from alcohol-related liver disease (ArLD). The only effective treatment to prevent progression of liver damage is reducing or ceasing alcohol consumption. Psychological and pharmacological therapies for alcohol misuse are ineffective in patients with ArLD.

Young-onset colorectal cancer: Insights from an English population-based study.

Aim: Young colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are reported to have more aggressive disease, an advanced stage at diagnosis and conflicting survival outcomes. The aim of this study was to analyse the demographics, clinicopathological features and prognosis of young CRC at a population-based level in England.

Method: This is a retrospective review of all CRC patients using data from Public Health England collated from regional cancer registries in England between 2010 and 2014.

Colorectal cancer outcomes determined by mode of presentation: analysis of population data in England between 2010 and 2014.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between mode of presentation; categorized as emergency, suspected cancer outpatient referral pathway (2-week wait or 2WW pathway), non-cancer suspected outpatient referral (non-2-week wait pathway) or following screening, and stage of diagnosis and survival in patients with colorectal cancer in England.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort observational study of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer between January 2010 and December 2014 in England using data from Public Health England collated from regional cancer registries.

Results: The most common route to diagnosis among 167,501 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer was via the non-cancer suspect (non-2WW) outpatient referral pathway (35.

Improving local prevalence estimates of SARS-CoV-2 infections using a causal debiasing framework.

Global and national surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology is mostly based on targeted schemes focused on testing individuals with symptoms. These tested groups are often unrepresentative of the wider population and exhibit test positivity rates that are biased upwards compared with the true population prevalence. Such data are routinely used to infer infection prevalence and the effective reproduction number, R, which affects public health policy.

Factors that Influence Acquisition of Lower Extremity Braces in the Pediatric Orthopaedic Population.

Background: Lower extremity brace-wear compliance has been studied in pediatrics, but failure to acquire a prescribed brace has not been included. The purpose of this study was to evaluate brace acquisition as a component of brace-wear compliance.

Methods: Records of patients (0 to 21 y) prescribed lower extremity braces from 2017 to 2019 were reviewed.

Modulation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Signaling Pathway by Culinary Sage ( L.).

Culinary sage ( L.) is a common spice plant in the mint family (Lamiaceae) well known for its distinctive culinary and traditional medicinal uses. Sage tea has been used traditionally as a brain-enhancing tonic and extracts from sage have been reported to have both cognitive and memory enhancing effects.

Competing Effects of Chlorination on the Strength of Te⋅⋅⋅O Chalcogen Bonds Select the Structure of Mixed Supramolecular Macrocyclic Aggregates of Iso-Tellurazole N-Oxides.

Chlorination of 3-methyl-5-phenyl-1,2-tellurazole-2-oxide yielded the λ Te dichloro derivative. Its crystal structure demonstrates that the heterocycle retains its ability to autoassociate by chalcogen bonding (ChB) forming macrocyclic tetramers. The corresponding Te⋅⋅⋅O ChB distances are 2.

Bifunctional Role of the Sternohyoideus Muscle During Suction Feeding in Striped Surfperch, .

In ray-finned fishes, the sternohyoideus (SH) is among the largest muscles in the head region and, based on its size, can potentially contribute to the overall power required for suction feeding. However, the function of the SH varies interspecifically. In largemouth bass () and several clariid catfishes, the SH functions similarly to a stiff ligament.

Systematic Review: Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions on wellbeing outcomes for adolescent or adult victim/survivors of recent rape or sexual assault.

Sexual assault and rape are common forms of sexual violence/abuse. The psychological/health consequences represent significant and ongoing harm. It seems imperative that victim/survivors receive evidence-based support within first response settings.

Phenotype of ribonuclease 1 deficiency in mice.

Biological roles for extracellular RNA (eRNA) have become apparent. For example, eRNA can induce contact activation in blood via activation of the plasma proteases factor XII (FXII) and factor XI (FXI). We sought to reveal the biological role of the secretory enzyme ribonuclease 1 (RNase 1) in an organismal context by generating and analyzing RNase 1 knockout () mice.