Neurotoxin procedures have been increasing in popularity since they were approved for cosmetic use in 2002, with predominately women being treated. Our objectives were to determine likelihood of neurotoxin treatment in television journalists based on demographics and social media popularity. Likelihood of neurotoxin treatment was determined from by grading forehead and glabellar rhytides in videos using a standardized scale.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdvances in hypervalent iodine chemistry have put the field on the precipice of a second golden age; the first being pioneered in the 1990s. During that period, C-C bond forming reactions would be published but rarely with the intended goal of developing a C-C bond forming methodology. More recently, the development of hypervalent iodine-guided electrophilic substitution, arylations using hypervalent iodine, and photoredox reactions with hypervalent iodine have shown great progress in the area of C-C bond formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe reactivity of benzyl hypervalent iodine intermediates was explored in congruence with the reductive iodonio-Claisen rearrangement (RICR) to show that there may be an underlying mechanism which expands the reasoning behind the previously known C-C bond-forming reaction. By rationalizing the hypervalent iodine's metal-like properties it was concluded that a transmetallation mechanism could be occurring with metalloid groups such as silicon and boron. Hypervalent iodine reagents such as Zefirov's reagent, cyclic iodonium reagents, iodosobenzene/BF, and PhI(OAc)/BF or triflate-based activators were tested.
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