Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Myocardial Strain Assessment Correlates with Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Patients with Pectus Excavatum.

: To evaluate correlations between cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) at rest including strain imaging and variables derived from quantitative cardiopulmonary exercise testing using a treadmill in patients with pectus excavatum. : We retrospectively correlated the results of cMRI and cardiopulmonary exercise testing in 17 patients with pectus excavatum, in whom both examinations were performed during their pre-operative clinical evaluation. In addition to cardiac volumetry, we assessed the strain rates of both ventricles using a feature-tracking algorithm of a piece of commercially available post-processing software.

"Feed-and-wrap" technique versus deep sedation for neonatal magnetic resonance imaging: a retrospective comparative study.

Objectives: Neonatal MRI is usually performed under deep sedation, which is challenging-especially in low-weight premature patients. In addition, long-term side effects, such as neurotoxicity, are of concern. An alternative to sedation is to induce natural sleep by feeding and immobilising the child, the "feed-and-wrap" technique (FWT).

[Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma during childhood and adolescence].

Background: Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma belong to the group of rare catecholamine-producing tumours during childhood and adolescence. They occur most frequently in patients with tumour predisposition syndromes. Imaging is essential to assess tumour stage and to plan therapy initiation.

Diffusion-weighted MRI and histogram analysis: assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in nephroblastoma.

Purpose: To assess the value of diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) in the non-invasive prediction of blastemal remnant after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in nephroblastoma.

Methods: This IRB-approved study included 32 pediatric patients with 35 tumors who underwent DW-MRI prior and after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and subsequent surgical resection. Two blinded radiologists volumetrically assessed each tumor on pre- and post-neoadjuvant images and the parameters mean ADC, median ADC, 12.

Exploiting Gangliosides for the Therapy of Ewing's Sarcoma and H3K27M-Mutant Diffuse Midline Glioma.

The ganglioside GD2 is an important target in childhood cancer. Nevertheless, the only therapy targeting GD2 that is approved to date is the monoclonal antibody dinutuximab, which is used in the therapy of neuroblastoma. The relevance of GD2 as a target in other tumor entities remains to be elucidated.

Acoustic radiation force impulse point shear wave elastography of the liver and spleen in patients with Gaucher disease type 1: Correlations with clinical data and markers of disease severity.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of acoustic radiation force impulse point shear wave elastography (ARFI-pSWE) of the liver and spleen in patients with Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1), and to assess correlations between organ stiffness and clinico-radiologic data, particularly the GD1 Severity Scoring System (GD-DS3).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the results of ARFI-pSWE as measures of liver and spleen stiffness in 57 patients with GD1. The feasibility of the method was assessed.

Diffusion-weighted MRI in the assessment of nephroblastoma: results of a multi-center trial.

Purpose: To assess the value of diffusion-weighted MRI in the pre-therapeutic evaluation of pediatric renal cortical tumors.

Methods: This IRB-approved, retrospective multi-center study included 122 pediatric patients with 130 renal tumors, who underwent MRI including DWI before neoadjuvant chemotherapy and nephrectomy. Two radiologists independently assessed each tumor volumetrically, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated on a voxel-wise basis, including parameters derived from histogram and texture analysis.

Benchmarking Wilms' tumor in multisequence MRI data: why does current clinical practice fail? Which popular segmentation algorithms perform well?

Wilms' tumor is one of the most frequent malignant solid tumors in childhood. Accurate segmentation of tumor tissue is a key step during therapy and treatment planning. Since it is difficult to obtain a comprehensive set of tumor data of children, there is no benchmark so far allowing evaluation of the quality of human or computer-based segmentations.

The Link Between Local Recurrence and Distant Metastases in Patients With Rectal Cancer.

Background/aim: The relationships between local recurrence (LR), the development of distant metastases (DM) and prognosis in patients with rectal cancer remain unclear.

Patients And Methods: In 606 patients who underwent curative resection, the role of LR was assessed retrospectively by time-dependent multivariate Cox models with inverse probability of treatment weighting taking into account competing risks.

Results: Patients with LR had more DM than patients without LR (49/79, 62% vs.

[From Xrays to PET/MR, and then? - Future imaging in pediatric radiology].

Significant changes can be expected in modern pediatric radiology. New imaging techniques are progressively added to basic modalities like Xrays and ultrasound. This essay summarizes recent advances and technical innovations in pediatric radiology, which are supposed to gain further importance in the future.

Retrospective Analysis of Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Bone Manifestations in Long-Term Treated Patients with Gaucher Disease Type 1.

Purpose: We retrospectively assessed bone and visceral manifestations in patients with Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1) with whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) to determine the effects of different timing in initiating long-term enzyme replacement therapy.

Materials And Methods: In 17 patients with GD1, we performed 2 WB-MRI examinations at a median interval of 13 months. Patients had received enzyme replacement therapy with alglucerase/imiglucerase for a median of 13 years prior to the first examination.

Quantification of intramuscular fat in patients with late-onset Pompe disease by conventional magnetic resonance imaging for the long-term follow-up of enzyme replacement therapy.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate a quantitative method based on conventional T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to assess fatty muscular degeneration in patients with late-onset Pompe disease and to compare it with semi-quantitative visual evaluation (the Mercuri score). In addition, a long-term retrospective data analysis was performed to evaluate treatment response to enzyme replacement therapy with alglucosidase alfa.

Methods: MR images of the lumbar spine were acquired in 41 patients diagnosed with late-onset Pompe disease from 2006 through 2015.

Differences in myocardial strain between pectus excavatum patients and healthy subjects assessed by cardiac MRI: a pilot study.

Objectives: To evaluate differences in myocardial strain between pectus excavatum (PE) patients and healthy subjects (HS) assessed by cardiac MRI using the feature-tracking algorithm.

Methods: Cardiac MRI was performed in 14 PE patients and 14 HS (9:5 male to female in each group; age 11-30 years) using a 3T scanner. Post-examination analysis included manual biventricular contouring with volumetry and ejection fraction measurement by two independent radiologists.

Evaluation of treatment response to enzyme replacement therapy with Velaglucerase alfa in patients with Gaucher disease using whole-body magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: This was a retrospective data analysis to evaluate the treatment response to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with Velaglucerase alfa using whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials And Methods: A baseline and follow-up MRI were performed on 18 Gaucher Type 1 patients at an interval of 11.6 months.

Influence of Local Recurrence and Distant Metastasis on Prognosis After Local Excision of Rectal Carcinoma.

Background: Influence of local recurrence (LR) on prognosis after a local excision (LE) for rectal cancer is unclear.

Patients And Methods: A total of 152 patients were retrospectively assigned to one of three groups: Groups 1 and 2: complete and incomplete resection respectively, for low-risk carcinoma; group 3: high-risk carcinoma. We evaluated LR, distant metastasis (DM), overall survival, and cancer-specific survival (CSS).

Ultrasound Evaluation of Thyroid Gland Pathologies After Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy to Treat Malignancy During Childhood.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate correlations between treatment of malignancy by radiation therapy during childhood and the occurrence of thyroid gland pathologies detected by ultrasonography in follow-up examinations.

Methods And Materials: Reductions of thyroid gland volume below 2 standard deviations of the weight-specific mean value, occurrence of ultrasonographically detectable thyroid gland pathologies, and hypothyroidism were retrospectively assessed in 103 children and adolescents 7 months to 20 years of age (median: 7 years of age) at baseline (1997-2013) treated with chemoradiation therapy (with the thyroid gland dose assessable) or with chemotherapy alone and followed by ultrasonography and laboratory examinations through 2014 (median follow-up time: 48 months).

Results: A relevant reduction of thyroid gland volume was significantly correlated with thyroid gland dose in univariate (P<.

Evaluation of Bone Marrow Infiltration in Non-Neuropathic Gaucher Disease Patients with Use of Whole-Body MRI--A Retrospective Data Analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) for the assessment of bone marrow infiltration in patients with confirmed Gaucher disease type 1 under long-term enzyme replacement therapy (ERT).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective data analysis included 38 patients in two subgroups. Group A: 10 females, 9 males, 15-29 years, mean age 22 years and Group B: 11 females, 8 males, 29-77 years, mean age 49 years, all treated with alglucerase or imiglucerase for at least 12.

Morphologic assessment of thoracic deformities for the preoperative evaluation of pectus excavatum by magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: To assess whether MRI is a suitable modality for the preoperative assessment and quantification of pectus excavatum.

Methods: A total of 69 patients (57 male, 12 female; median age 15 years, range 5-35 years) with pectus excavatum were evaluated preoperatively using standardized MRI sequences on 1.5- and 3-Tesla systems (T2-HASTE/inspiration and expiration, T1-VIBE, T2-TRUFI free-breathing, T2-BLADE).

The prognostic value of lymph node ratio and updated TNM classification in rectal cancer patients with adequate versus inadequate lymph node dissection.

Background: The aim of this study was to clarify whether the lymph node ratio (LNR) is superior to the updated TNM classification regarding the prognosis of stage III rectal cancer patients who have not undergone neoadjuvant therapy. The TNM system is based on the absolute number of lymph nodes involved, and the LNR takes into account involved and examined nodes.

Methods: In 237 patients with stage III rectal cancer, we evaluated prognostic factors for 5-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and risk of distant metastases (DM) using the Kaplan-Meier method, with patients divided based on adequate versus inadequate lymph node dissection (≥12 vs.