Exosomal miRNAs as novel avenues for breast cancer treatment.

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and a leading cause of death in women worldwide. It is a heterogeneous disease, as shown by the gene expression profiles of breast cancer samples. It begins in milk-producing ducts, with a high degree of diversity between and within tumors, as well as among cancer-bearing individuals.

Silicon nanoparticles: Synthesis, uptake and their role in mitigation of biotic stress.

In the current scenario of global warming and climate change, plants face many biotic stresses, which restrain growth, development and productivity. Nanotechnology is gaining precedence over other means to deal with biotic and abiotic constraints for sustainable agriculture. One of nature's most beneficial metalloids, silicon (Si) shows ameliorative effect against environmental challenges.

Perspective on the heavy metal pollution and recent remediation strategies.

Heavy metal (HM) pollution is extremely deleterious because of the toxicity they exert on human beings, animals, and plants. HMs are recalcitrant to degradation, and hence persistent in the environment for a longer duration adding to the concern. HMs at high concentrations have adverse effects on the production of food as they affect the metabolic activity of plants.

Alternating exosomes and their mimetics as an emergent strategy for targeted cancer therapy.

Exosomes, a subtype of the class of extracellular vesicles and nano-sized particles, have a specific membrane structure that makes them an alternative proposition to combat with cancer through slight modification. As constituents of all most all the primary body fluids, exosomes establish the status of intercellular communication. Exosomes have specific proteins/mRNAs and miRNAs which serve as biomarkers, imparting a prognostic tool in clinical and disease pathologies.

Current Status of Our Understanding for Brain Integrated Functions and its Energetics.

Human/animal brain is a unique organ with substantially high metabolism but it contains no energy reserve that is the reason it requires continuous supply of O and energy fluxes through CBF. The main source of energy remains glucose as the other biomolecules do not able to cross the blood-brain barrier. The speed of glucose metabolism is heterogeneous throughout the brain.

Modified benzoxazolone derivative as 18-kDa TSPO ligand.

We have synthesized six new congeners of acetamidobenzoxazolone for Translocator Protein [18 kDa, TSPO] imaging. The best in vitro binding affinity (10.8 ± 1.

Spectroscopic interaction of a coumarin derivative with bovine serum albumin.

The absorption and fluorescence spectra of the 7-diethylamino-4-methyl coumarin (DAMC) in ethanol-water (1:9 v/v) solution at varying pH values were investigated. The interaction between DAMC and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. The Stern-Volmer quenching constant, the quenching rate constant of the bimolecular reaction (kq), the binding constant, and number of binding sites are mentioned but not calculated in the paper.

Antimalarial activity of newly synthesized chalcone derivatives in vitro.

Twenty-seven novel chalcone derivatives were synthesized using Claisen-Schmidt condensation and their antimalarial activity against asexual blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum was determined. Antiplasmodial IC(50) (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) activity of a compound against malaria parasites in vitro provides a good first screen for identifying the antimalarial potential of the compound. The most active compound was 1-(4-benzimidazol-1-yl-phenyl)-3-(2, 4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-propen-1-one with IC(50) of 1.

HIV protease inhibitors, indinavir or nelfinavir, augment antimalarial action of artemisinin in vitro.

Most malaria endemic regions are co-infested with HIV infection. Treatment of one may affect outcome of the other in co-infected individuals. HIV protease inhibitors, indinavir or nelfinavir, are important antiretroviral drugs and artemisinin is central to malaria treatment.

Antimalarial pharmacodynamics of chalcone derivatives in combination with artemisinin against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro.

Use of artemisinin based combination therapies (ACTs) is increasing in treatment of malaria. Their extensive and indiscriminate deployment will ultimately lead to selection of resistance. Thus, alternate ACTs are needed.

Phytochemical licochalcone A enhances antimalarial activity of artemisinin in vitro.

Resistance to synthetic first-line antimalarial drugs is considered to be a major cause of increased malaria morbidity and mortality. Use of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) is being encouraged to reduce the malaria mortality in areas of falciparum resistance. Artemisinin is a natural product at times in short supply.

In vitro activity of artemisinin in combination with clotrimazole or heat-treated amphotericin B against Plasmodium falciparum.

Currently available artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for malaria are inadequate. There remains an enormous unmet need for alternate artemisinin-based combination therapies. One of the fastest methods to identify promising artemisinin-based combination therapies is to look for synergistic or additive antimalarial interaction between artemisinin and an alternate drug against P.

Synthesis of novel substituted 1,3-diaryl propenone derivatives and their antimalarial activity in vitro.

The synthesis of novel 1,3-diaryl propenone derivatives and their antimalarial activity in vitro against asexual blood stages of human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, are described. Chalcone derivatives were prepared via Claisen-Schmidt condensation of substituted aldehydes with substituted methyl ketones. Antiplasmodial IC(50) (half maximal inhibitory concentration) activity of these compounds ranged between 1.

Antiplasmodial interactions between artemisinin and triclosan or ketoconazole combinations against blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro.

Emergence of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains to conventional first-line antimalarial drugs has compelled many countries to reorient their drug policies to adopt artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for treatment of uncomplicated malaria. This has increased the demand of artemisinin, already a scarce commodity. Synthesis of artemisinin is not yet commercially viable.