Artificial intelligence for dementia drug discovery and trials optimization.

Drug discovery and clinical trial design for dementia have historically been challenging. In part these challenges have arisen from patient heterogeneity, length of disease course, and the tractability of a target for the brain. Applying big data analytics and machine learning tools for drug discovery and utilizing them to inform successful clinical trial design has the potential to accelerate progress.

Artificial intelligence for diagnostic and prognostic neuroimaging in dementia: A systematic review.

Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) and neuroimaging offer new opportunities for diagnosis and prognosis of dementia.

Methods: We systematically reviewed studies reporting AI for neuroimaging in diagnosis and/or prognosis of cognitive neurodegenerative diseases.

Results: A total of 255 studies were identified.

Artificial intelligence for dementia-Applied models and digital health.

Introduction: The use of applied modeling in dementia risk prediction, diagnosis, and prognostics will have substantial public health benefits, particularly as "deep phenotyping" cohorts with multi-omics health data become available.

Methods: This narrative review synthesizes understanding of applied models and digital health technologies, in terms of dementia risk prediction, diagnostic discrimination, prognosis, and progression. Machine learning approaches show evidence of improved predictive power compared to standard clinical risk scores in predicting dementia, and the potential to decompose large numbers of variables into relatively few critical predictors.

Severe Bradycardia Leading to Hemodynamic Instability Associated with Remdesivir Use in a Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia.

Remdesivir (RDV) is an approved treatment for hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. There is limited literature on the cardiac adverse effects of RDV. We report a case of a patient who developed hemodynamically unstable bradycardia after the initiation of RDV that resolved after discontinuing RDV.

Simultaneous removal of arsenic, fluoride, and manganese from synthetic wastewater by Vetiveria zizanioides.

Main aim of the present research is to explore the potential use of Vetiveria zizanioides L. for phytoremediation of arsenic, fluoride, and manganese simultaneously from synthetic wastewater in a batch scale floating platform unit. Half strength Hoagland's nutrient solution spiked with arsenic, fluoride, and manganese concentrations of 1, 20, and 10 mg/L, respectively has been used.

Prognostic implications of prior contrast reaction in patients with emergency premedication before undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Background: Patients with iodinated contrast material (ICM) adverse reactions are at increased risk for breakthrough reactions. Previous studies suggest that the severity of a prior ICM adverse reaction corresponds to the severity of a repeat reaction.

Objective: We investigated whether the severity of prior ICM adverse reactions in patients receiving emergency premedication therapy prior to PCI predicts outcomes.

Evaluation of Anticoagulation Practice With New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock in Medical Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study.

Objective To investigate the anticoagulation practice in patients presenting with new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) during sepsis and septic shock with one-year follow-up since discharge and to evaluate factors associated with the development of NOAF. Methods A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted using chart review in patients diagnosed with sepsis and septic shock.  Results There was a total of 1132 patients diagnosed with sepsis and septic shock over a one-year period.

Pyrolysis of wood sawdust: Effects of process parameters on products yield and characterization of products.

The aim of present research was to study the pyrolysis of wood sawdust in a semi batch reactor and explored the influence of pyrolysis process parameters on the products yield. Pyrolysis process parameters such as temperature, heating rate, nitrogen (N) flow rate and particle size of wood sawdust were varied as 350-650 °C, 10 and 50 °C/min, 50-200 cm/min and <0.25 to >1.

The efficacy of self-disinfecting bedrail covers in an intensive care unit.

Background: Hospital surfaces are considered important vectors in the spread of nosocomial pathogens. This study evaluated microbial counts on novel antimicrobial bedrail covers over a 2-week period in a critical care environment.

Methods: Disposable bedrail covers (Aionx Inc, Hershey, PA) made of a copper and silver polymer and capable of conducting an imperceptible surface potential, were installed in a case-control manner on a series of occupied intensive care unit beds.

Sequential episodes of ethylene glycol poisoning in the same person.

Ethylene glycol is a common alcohol found in many household products such as household hard surface cleaner, paints, varnish, auto glass cleaner and antifreeze. While extremely toxic and often fatal on ingestion, few cases with early presentation by the patient have resulted in death; thus, rapid diagnosis is paramount to effectively treating ethylene glycol poisoning. In this study, we compare two sequential cases of ethylene glycol poisoning in a single individual, which resulted in strikingly different outcomes.

Simultaneous arsenic and fluoride removal from synthetic and real groundwater by electrocoagulation process: Parametric and cost evaluation.

Co-existence of arsenic and fluoride in groundwater has raised severe health issues to living being. Thus, the present research has been conducted for simultaneous removal of arsenic and fluoride from synthetic groundwater by using electrocoagulation process with aluminum electrode. Effects of initial pH, current density, run time, inter electrode distance and NaCl concentration over percentage removal of arsenic and fluoride as well as operating cost have been studied.

Palytoxin-induced acute respiratory failure.

Palytoxin is one of the most potent toxins known to mankind and poses a high risk to humans through ingestion, inhalation and dermal routes [1,2]. Although the exact mechanism of action is unknown it is postulated that palytoxin binds to the Na+/K + ATPase pump resulting in K efflux, Ca influx and membrane depolarization leading to widespread secondary pharmacological actions [2]. Palytoxin is highly toxic and can affect multiple organs causing severe symptoms including death.

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia following recent cigarette smoking.

In this report we describe the case of an 18 year old female who presented with fever, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Chest X-ray revealed diffuse bilateral infiltrates and eosinophilia was reported from her broncholaveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. She started smoking 3 weeks prior to the onset of symptoms and based on her clinical presentation, BAL findings and dramatic improvement, acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) was diagnosed.

Ketamine/propofol admixture (ketofol) at induction in the critically ill against etomidate (KEEP PACE trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Endotracheal intubation (ETI) is commonly performed as a life-saving procedure in the intensive care unit (ICU). It is often associated with significant hemodynamic perturbations and can severely impact the outcome of ICU patients. Etomidate is often chosen by many critical care providers for the patients who are hypotensive because of its superior hemodynamic profile compared to other induction medications.

Preliminary noise reduction efforts in a medical intensive care unit.

Noise is a significant contributor to sleep disruption in the intensive care unit (ICU) that may result in increased patient morbidity such as delirium and prolonged length of stay in ICU. We conducted a pre-post intervention study in a 24-bed tertiary care academic medical ICU to reduce the mean noise levels. Baseline dosimeter recordings of ICU noise levels demonstrated a mean noise level of 54.

Ketamine and propofol combination ("ketofol") for endotracheal intubations in critically ill patients: a case series.

Background: Endotracheal intubation is a common procedure performed for critically ill patients that can have immediate life-threatening complications. Induction medications are routinely given to facilitate the procedure, but most of these medications are associated with hypotension. While etomidate is known for its neutral hemodynamic profile, it has been linked with increased mortality in septic patients and increased morbidity in trauma patients.

Multivariate statistical approach for the assessment of groundwater quality in Ujjain City, India.

Groundwater quality assessment is an essential study which plays important role in the rational development and utilization of groundwater. Groundwater quality greatly influences the health of local people. The variations of water quality are essentially the combination of both anthropogenic and natural contributions.

Risk factors for the development of acute lung injury in patients with infectious pneumonia.

Introduction: Although pneumonia has been identified as the single most common risk factor for acute lung injury (ALI), we have a limited knowledge as to why ALI develops in some patients with pneumonia and not in others. The objective of this study was to determine frequency, risk factors, and outcome of ALI in patients with infectious pneumonia.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of adult patients with microbiologically positive pneumonia, hospitalized at two Mayo Clinic Rochester hospitals between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2007.

Long-term survival in patients with tracheostomy and prolonged mechanical ventilation in Olmsted County, Minnesota.

Background: An increasing number of patients require prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV), which is associated with high morbidity and poor long-term survival, but there are few data regarding the incidence and outcome of PMV patients from a community perspective.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of adult Olmsted county, Minnesota, residents admitted to the intensive care units at the 2 Mayo Clinic Rochester hospitals from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2007, who underwent tracheostomy for PMV.

Results: Sixty-five patients, median age 68 years (interquartile range [IQR] 49-80 y), 39 male, underwent tracheostomy for PMV, resulting in an age-adjusted incidence of 13 (95% CI 10-17) per 100,000 patient-years at risk.

Towards the prevention of acute lung injury: a population based cohort study protocol.

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is an example of a critical care syndrome with limited treatment options once the condition is fully established. Despite improved understanding of pathophysiology of ALI, the clinical impact has been limited to improvements in supportive treatment. On the other hand, little has been done on the prevention of ALI.

Ephrin B2/EphB4 pathway in hepatic stellate cells stimulates Erk-dependent VEGF production and sinusoidal endothelial cell recruitment.

Chemotaxis signals between hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC) maintain hepatic vascular homeostasis and integrity and also regulate changes in sinusoidal structure in response to liver injury. Our prior studies have demonstrated that the bidirectional chemotactic signaling molecules EphrinB2 and EphB4 are expressed in HSC. The aim of our present study was to explore whether and how the EphrinB2/EphB4 system in HSC could promote SEC recruitment, which is essential for sinusoidal structure and remodeling.