Accurate and fast segmentation of filaments and membranes in micrographs and tomograms with TARDIS.

It is now possible to generate large volumes of high-quality images of biomolecules at near-atomic resolution and in near-native states using cryogenic electron microscopy/electron tomography (Cryo-EM/ET). However, the precise annotation of structures like filaments and membranes remains a major barrier towards applying these methods in high-throughput. To address this, we present TARDIS (ransformer-bsed apid imensionless nstance egmentation), a machine-learning framework for fast and accurate annotation of micrographs and tomograms.

Unusual presentation of obturator hernia: A case report of knee pain mimicking musculoskeletal condition.

Background: Obturator hernia is a rare type of pelvic hernia that often presents with vague symptoms that can easily be confused with other conditions. Delayed diagnosis can lead to increased morbidity and complications.

Case Presentation: A 67-year-old female with a history of rheumatoid arthritis presented with escalating right knee pain, unresponsive to increasing doses of opioids.

Visualizing the virus world inside the cell by cryo-electron tomography.

Structural studies on purified virus have revealed intricate architectures, but there is little structural information on how viruses interact with host cells . Cryo-focused ion beam (FIB) milling and cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) have emerged as revolutionary tools in structural biology to visualize the dynamic conformational of viral particles and their interactions with host factors within infected cells. Here, we review the state-of-the-art cryo-ET technique for viral structure studies and highlight exemplary studies that showcase the remarkable capabilities of cryo-ET in capturing the dynamic virus-host interaction, advancing our understanding of viral infection and pathogenesis.

Medicine Access Programmes: what do patients think - a patient-reported outcome study on ribociclib in metastatic breast cancer in Australia.

This study evaluated patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of Medicine Access Programmes (MAPs) for Australian metastatic breast cancer patients on ribociclib. Limited patient awareness of MAP enrolment was identified, emphasising the need for improved education and consent processes. Most patients expressed gratitude for accessing non-funded medications and perceived enhanced medication adherence as a key benefit.

The Effect of a Physical Activity Program on Subjective Well-Being, Happiness and Problem-Solving Skills in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to examine the effect of Physical Activity Program applied to patients with schizophrenia on subjective well-being, happiness and problem-solving skills levels. This study was conducted with a total of 86 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (43 intervention and 43 control) registered in a family health center. Subjective Well-Being Scale, the Short Form of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and Problem-Solving Inventory were used to collect the data at baseline and, post-intervention.

Chromosomal-level reference genome assembly of muskox (Ovibos moschatus) from Banks Island in the Canadian Arctic, a resource for conservation genomics.

The muskox (Ovibos moschatus), an integral component and iconic symbol of arctic biocultural diversity, is under threat by rapid environmental disruptions from climate change. We report a chromosomal-level haploid genome assembly of a muskox from Banks Island in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The assembly has a contig N50 of 44.

BAL Fluid Cellular Analysis and Radiologic Patterns in Patients With Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease.

Background: BAL cellular analysis is often recommended during the initial diagnostic evaluation of fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD). Despite recommendation for its use, between-center heterogeneity exists and supportive data concerning the clinical utility and correlation of BAL findings with radiologic features or patterns remain sparse.

Research Question: In patients with fibrotic ILD, are BAL findings associated with radiologic features, patterns, and clinical diagnoses?

Study Design And Methods: Patients with fibrotic ILD who underwent BAL for diagnostic evaluation and who were enrolled in the prospective Canadian Registry for Pulmonary Fibrosis were re-reviewed in a standardized multidisciplinary discussion (MDD).

Precious2GPT: the combination of multiomics pretrained transformer and conditional diffusion for artificial multi-omics multi-species multi-tissue sample generation.

Synthetic data generation in omics mimics real-world biological data, providing alternatives for training and evaluation of genomic analysis tools, controlling differential expression, and exploring data architecture. We previously developed Precious1GPT, a multimodal transformer trained on transcriptomic and methylation data, along with metadata, for predicting biological age and identifying dual-purpose therapeutic targets potentially implicated in aging and age-associated diseases. In this study, we introduce Precious2GPT, a multimodal architecture that integrates Conditional Diffusion (CDiffusion) and decoder-only Multi-omics Pretrained Transformer (MoPT) models trained on gene expression and DNA methylation data.

Assessing the Short-Term Efficacy of Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia With Different Types of Coaching: Randomized Controlled Comparative Trial.

Background: Digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (dCBTi) is an effective intervention for treating insomnia. The findings regarding its efficacy compared to face-to-face cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia are inconclusive but suggest that dCBTi might be inferior. The lack of human support and low treatment adherence are believed to be barriers to dCBTi achieving its optimal efficacy.

Long Non-coding RNA NEAT1 , NOD-Like Receptor Family Protein 3 Inflammasome, and Acute Kidney Injury.

Key Points: Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 () was upregulated in human and murine AKI. It returned to baseline after recovery in humans. Its knockdown preserved kidney function in animals.

TNIK's emerging role in cancer, metabolism, and age-related diseases.

Traf2- and Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK) has emerged as a key regulator of pathological metabolic signaling in several diseases and is a promising drug target. Originally studied for its role in cell migration and proliferation, TNIK possesses several newly identified functions that drive the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. Specifically, we evaluate TNIK's newfound roles in cancer, metabolic disorders, and neuronal function.

Characteristics of pulse oximetry and arterial blood gas in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease.

Background: Fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD) is frequently associated with abnormal oxygenation; however, little is known about the accuracy of oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO) compared with arterial blood gas (ABG) saturation (SaO), the factors that influence the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO) and the impact of PaCO on outcomes in patients with fibrotic ILD.

Study Design And Methods: Patients with fibrotic ILD enrolled in a large prospective registry with a room air ABG were included. Prespecified analyses included testing the correlation between SaO and SpO, the difference between SaO and SpO, the association of baseline characteristics with both the difference between SaO and SpO and the PaCO, the association of baseline characteristics with acid-base category, and the association of PaCO and acid-base category with time to death or transplant.

Impact of surgical lung biopsy on lung function and survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in a multi-centre registry cohort.

Background And Objective: Establishing an accurate and timely diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is essential for appropriate management and prognostication. In some cases, surgical lung biopsy (SLB) is performed but carries non-negligible risk. The objective of this retrospective study was to determine if SLB is associated with accelerated lung function decline in patients with IPF using the Canadian Registry for Pulmonary Fibrosis.

The Clinical Frailty Scale for Risk Stratification in Patients With Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease.

Background: Previous studies have shown the importance of frailty in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Research Question: Is the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) a valid tool to improve risk stratification in patients with fibrotic ILD?

Study Design And Methods: Patients with fibrotic ILD were included from the prospective multicenter Canadian Registry for Pulmonary Fibrosis. The CFS was assessed using available information from initial ILD clinic visits.

Lung imaging patterns in connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease impact prognosis and immunosuppression response.

Objectives: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) in CTDs has highly variable morphology. We aimed to identify imaging features and their impact on ILD progression, mortality, and immunosuppression response.

Methods: Patients with CTD-ILD had high-resolution chest CT (HRCT) reviewed by expert radiologists blinded to clinical data for overall imaging pattern [usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP); non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP); organizing pneumonia (OP); fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (fHP); and other].

The integrated stress response-related expression of CHOP due to mitochondrial toxicity is a warning sign for DILI liability.

Background And Aims: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the most frequent reasons for failure of drugs in clinical trials or market withdrawal. Early assessment of DILI risk remains a major challenge during drug development. Here, we present a mechanism-based weight-of-evidence approach able to identify certain candidate compounds with DILI liabilities due to mitochondrial toxicity.

An Opportunity to Seize From Low Hanging Fruits: Capitalising on Incidentally Reported Coronary Artery Calcification.

Aim: We investigated the prevalence of incidental coronary artery calcifications (CAC) from non-electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated computed tomography (CT) chest (both contrast and non-contrast) for inpatients. We also assessed for downstream investigation and statin prescription from the inpatient teams. Incidental CAC are frequent findings on non-ECG-gated CT chest.

The Effect of a Physical Activity Intervention on Burden and Depressive Symptoms in Depressed Family Caregivers of Patients With Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a 12-week physical activity intervention for caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.

Method: Family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia were recruited and randomized into either a physical activity group (n = 31) or a control group (n = 31). The 12-week "Physical Activity Program" consisted of 10 minutes of warm-up activities as the initial segment, 20 minutes of rhythmic exercises as the activity segment, 10 minutes of cool-down exercises as the final segment, and 40 minutes of free walking.