To Be or Not to Be (Inpatient Versus Observation): Improving Admission-Status Assignment.

Background: Observation care is frequently indistinguishable from inpatient care. However, the financial burden of inappropriate status assignment for hospitals and patients can be large. Increased awareness of the potential for financial hardships experienced by patients because of status designation spurred interest among physicians in this improvement project.

Gram-negative Microbiota Blooms in Premature Twins Discordant for Parenteral Nutrition-associated Cholestasis.

Parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC) causes serious morbidity in the neonatal intensive care unit. Infection with gut-associated bacteria is associated with cholestasis, but the role of intestinal microbiota in PNAC is poorly understood. We examined the composition of stool microbiota from premature twins discordant for PNAC as a strategy to reduce confounding from variables associated with both microbiota and cholestasis.

Histone deacetylase inhibitor-mediated cell death is distinct from its global effect on chromatin.

Romidepsin and vorinostat are histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) that have activity in T-cell lymphomas, but have not gained traction in solid tumors. To gain deeper insight into mechanisms of HDACi efficacy, we systematically surveyed 19 cell lines with different molecular phenotypes, comparing romidepsin and vorinostat at equipotent doses. Acetylation at H3K9 and H4K8 along with 22 other histone lysine acetylation and methylation modifications were measured by reverse phase proteomics array (RPPA), and compared with growth inhibition (IC50), and cell cycle arrest.

The human malaria parasite Pfs47 gene mediates evasion of the mosquito immune system.

Plasmodium falciparum transmission by Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes is remarkably efficient, resulting in a very high prevalence of human malaria infection in sub-Saharan Africa. A combination of genetic mapping, linkage group selection, and functional genomics was used to identify Pfs47 as a P. falciparum gene that allows the parasite to infect A.

Upregulation of ABCG2 by romidepsin via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI) are promising anticancer agents and their use in combination with conventional anticancer drugs is currently under investigation. We previously reported cell line-specific upregulation of ABCG2, a multidrug resistance transporter shown to control oral bioavailability and CNS penetration, by the HDACI romidepsin, although the precise mechanism in a particular cell line remains to be determined. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that can be activated by numerous environmental contaminants and has been shown to be a client protein of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90).