Laboratory practices for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis in France, 2024.

This study investigates the diagnostic practices for mucormycosis among 30 French University Hospital mycology laboratories, in 2024. All laboratories perform both direct examination and culture, with fluorescent brighteners being the most commonly used method for direct examination. While 77 % of the participating laboratories routinely identify Mucorales to the species level, with 70 % having adopted Mucorales-specific quantitative PCR, primarily for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections.

Features of cryptococcosis among 652 HIV-seronegative individuals in France: a cross-sectional observational study (2005-2020).

Objectives: We aimed to describe features and outcomes of cryptococcosis among HIV-seronegative individuals in a large surveillance network for cryptococcosis in France.

Methods: We included incident cases of cryptococcosis in HIV-seronegative individuals from 2005 to 2020. We compared patient characteristics, disease presentations, cryptococcal antigen results, and induction antifungal treatments according to underlying disease.

Infections Differ Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Seropositive and HIV-Seronegative Individuals: Results From a Nationwide Surveillance Program in France.

Among 1107 cryptococcosis cases from the French surveillance network (2005-2020), the proportion of HIV-seronegative individuals has recently surpassed that of HIV-seropositive individuals. We observed marked differences in patient characteristics, disease presentations, cryptococcal antigen results, infecting species, and mortality according to HIV serostatus.

Interactions between free-living amoebae and Cryptosporidium parvum: an experimental study.

Free-Living Amebae (FLA) and Cryptosporidium oocysts occasionally share the same environment. From 2004 to 2016, Cryptosporidium was responsible for 60% of 905 worldwide waterborne outbreaks caused by protozoan parasites. The aim of this study was to evaluate interactions between C.

Invasive fungal diseases in patients with autoimmune diseases: a case series from the French RESSIF network.

Objectives: We aimed to describe patients with autoimmune diseases (AID) developing invasive fungal disease (IFD) and identify factors associated with short-term mortality.

Methods: We analysed cases of IFD associated with AID from the surveillance network of invasive fungal diseases (Réseau de surveillance des infections fongiques invasives, RESSIF) registry of the French national reference centre for invasive mycoses. We studied association of AID-specific treatments with 30-day mortality.

Occurrence and Molecular Characterization of Infection in HIV/Aids Patients in Algeria.

The estimated prevalence rate of adults living with HIV infection in MENA is one of the lowest in the world. To date, no data on the genetic characteristics of isolates from HIV/AIDS patients in Algeria were available. This study aimed to identify species and subtype families prevalent in Algerian HIV-infected patients and contribute to the molecular epidemiology mapping of in the MENA region.

Persistence and survival of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts on lamb's lettuce leaves during plant growth and in washing conditions of minimally-processed salads.

Cryptosporidium is the causative agent of cryptosporidiosis, which results, among others, in profuse diarrhoea. Transmission to humans occurs via the faecal-oral route directly by contact with infected hosts or indirectly by waterborne or foodborne routes. For the latter, parasite transmission is closely linked to the oocyst's ability to persist and survive in food matrices.

Evaluation of the Bio-Evolution Microsporidia generic and typing real-time PCR assays for the diagnosis of intestinal microsporidiosis.

Cases of intestinal microsporidiosis infection are underestimated and affect both immunocompromized and immunocompetent patients. Real-time PCR is superseding microscopic examination for its diagnosis in medical analysis laboratories. However, few manufacturers include microsporidia in their PCR panel for the diagnosis of infectious gastroenteritis.

Cryptosporidiosis outbreaks linked to the public water supply in a military camp, France.

Introduction: Contaminated drinking and recreational waters account for most of the reported Cryptosporidium spp. exposures in high-income countries. In June 2017, two successive cryptosporidiosis outbreaks occurred among service members in a military training camp located in Southwest France.

Evaluation of Next-Generation Sequencing Applied to and Epidemiological Study.

. Nowadays, most of the and epidemiological studies are based on gp60 gene subtyping using the Sanger sequencing (SgS) method. Unfortunately, SgS presents the limitation of being unable to detect mixed infections.

Cryptococcal Meningitis in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Two-Decade Cohort Study in France.

Cryptococcosis is the third most common cause of invasive fungal infection in solid organ transplant recipients and cryptococcal meningitis (CM) its main clinical presentation. CM outcomes, as well as its clinical features and radiological characteristics, have not yet been considered on a large scale in the context of kidney transplantation (KT). We performed a nationwide retrospective study of adult patients diagnosed with cryptococcosis after KT between 2002 and 2020 across 30 clinical centers in France.

Chorioretinitis in a Post-chemotherapy Immunocompromised 9-Year-Old Child.

Purpose: To describe the management of bilateral chorioretinitis with in a post-chemotherapy immunocompromised young patient.

Method: A retrospective case report.

Result: A 9-year-old boy treated with chemotherapy for type 2 acute myeloid leukaemia was diagnosed with (formerly called ) fungaemia.

A summary of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks reported in France and overseas departments, 2017-2020.

is a known foodborne pathogen, ranked fifth out of 24 among foodborne parasites in terms of importance and a cause of many cryptosporidiosis outbreaks worldwide. In France, very few outbreaks were reported before 2017, and data recently obtained by the Expert Laboratory of the Cryptosporidiosis National Reference Center (CNR-LE-Cryptosporidiosis) have shown that outbreaks are in fact common and frequently underreported. In this work, we aim to report the characteristics of outbreaks detected in France during the period 2017-2020 and present a summary of investigations carried out by the CNR-LE-Cryptosporidiosis.

Active Surveillance Program to Increase Awareness on Invasive Fungal Diseases: the French RESSIF Network (2012 to 2018).

The French National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals leads an active and sustained nationwide surveillance program on probable and proven invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) to determine their epidemiology in France. Between 2012 and 2018, a total of 10,886 IFDs were recorded. The incidence increased slightly over time (2.

Genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in non-human primates in rural and urban areas of Ethiopia.

Non-Human Primates (NHPs) harbor Cryptosporidium genotypes that can infect humans and vice versa. NHPs Chlorocebus aethiops and Colobus guereza and humans have overlapping territories in some regions of Ethiopia, which may increase the risk of zoonotic transmission of Cryptosporidium. This cross-sectional study examined the molecular prevalence and subtypes of Cryptosporidium spp.

Cryptosporidiosis outbreak in Amazonia, French Guiana, 2018.

Background: Cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in South America are poorly documented. In March 2018, 51 cases of cryptosporidiosis were reported in Maripasoula, a village located in a remote forest area along the border between Surinam and French Guiana.

Method: To identify the origin of the epidemic, we performed epidemiological, microbiological, and environmental investigations.

Commercial Simplex and Multiplex PCR Assays for the Detection of Intestinal Parasites , spp., and spp.: Comparative Evaluation of Seven Commercial PCR Kits with Routine In-House Simplex PCR Assays.

Nowadays, many commercial kits allowing the detection of digestive parasites by DNA amplification methods have been developed, including simplex PCR assays (SimpPCRa) allowing the identification of a single parasite, and multiplex PCR assays (MultPCRa) allowing the identification of several parasites at once. Thus, aimed at improving the diagnosis of intestinal protozoal infections, it is essential to evaluate the performances of these new tools. A total of 174 DNA samples collected between 2007 and 2017 were retrospectively included in this study.

Evaluation of real-time qPCR-based methods to detect the DNA of the three protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia duodenalis and Toxoplasma gondii in the tissue and hemolymph of blue mussels (M. edulis).

The protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Toxoplasma gondii can be transmitted to humans through shellfish consumption. No standardized methods are available for their detection in these foods, and the performance of the applied methods are rarely described in occurrence studies.

Epidemiological and clinical study of microsporidiosis in French kidney transplant recipients from 2005 to 2019: TRANS-SPORE registry.

Introduction: Microsporidiosis is an emerging opportunistic infection in renal transplantation (RT) recipients. We aimed to describe its clinical presentation and treatment.

Materials And Methods: We collected microsporidiosis cases identified in RT recipients between 2005 and 2019 in six French centers from the Crystal, Divat and Astre prospective databases.

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. from humans in Ethiopia.

Data on the distribution and genotype of Cryptosporidium species is limited in Ethiopia. This study examined the presence and genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium species circulating in Ethiopian human population. Stool samples collected from patients who visited rural (n = 94) and urban (n = 93) health centers in Wurgissa and Hawassa district, respectively, were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp.

Comparative Performance of Eight PCR Methods to Detect Species.

Diagnostic approaches based on PCR methods are increasingly used in the field of parasitology, particularly to detect . Consequently, many different PCR methods are available, both "in-house" and commercial methods. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of eight PCR methods, four "in-house" and four commercial methods, to detect species.

Systemic efficacy on infection of aminoxanide (RM-5061), a new amino-acid ester thiazolide prodrug of tizoxanide.

Cryptosporidiosis is a gastrointestinal illness with profuse diarrhoea. Although there are no other Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved alternatives for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis, nitazoxanide (NTZ) can be qualified as partially effective. In immunosuppressed conditions, severe and/or disseminated cryptosporidiosis may occur and patients should be treated parenterally.

Comparative Study of Eleven Mechanical Pretreatment Protocols for DNA Extraction from Stool Samples.

Nowadays, many commercial kits allow the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in stool samples, the efficiency of which relies on the extraction method used. Mechanical pretreatment of the stools using grinding beads has been reported to greatly improve this extraction step. However, optimization of this key step remains to be carried out.

Multicenter Evaluation of an ELISA for the Detection of spp. Antigen in Clinical Human Stool Samples.

Human cryptosporidiosis remains underdiagnosed, and rapid/accurate diagnosis is of clinical importance. Diagnosis of the oocyst in stool samples by conventional microscopy is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and requires skillful experience. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the usefulness of a coproantigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test in detecting spp.