Palladium-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization and Flame-Retardant Properties of Isophosphinolines.

C-H activation is a powerful strategy for forming C-C bonds without the need for prefunctionalization. In this paper, we present a general, direct, and regioselective palladium-catalyzed functionalization of a phosphorus heterocycle, 2-phenyl-1-isophosphinoline 2-oxide. The mild reaction conditions enabled the introduction of various functionalized alkenes.

In-situ monitoring of changes in ultrastructure and mechanical properties of flax cell walls during controlled heat treatment.

Plant fibres are increasingly used as reinforcements, especially in thermoplastic composites. Understanding the impact of temperature on the properties of these fibres is an important issue for the manufacturing of high-performance materials with minimal defects. In this work, the structural evolution and mechanical behaviour of flax fibre cell walls were dynamically monitored by temperature-controlled X-ray diffraction and nanoindentation from 25 to 230 °C; detailed biochemical analysis was also conducted on fibre samples after each heating step.

Flammability of Thick but Thermally Thin Materials including Bio-Based Materials.

The fire reaction of various types of flammable lightweight materials is investigated using a cone calorimeter. The influences of parameters such as sample density, sample mass, effective heat of combustion and heat flux on the mass loss after exposition are discussed. Interpretations of the hemp fibers' tests results lead us to propose a phenomenological model able to calculate the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) of such thermally thin materials, with or without flame retardant.

Fire Behavior of Thermally Thin Materials in Cone Calorimeter.

In this study, a representative set of thermally thin materials including various lignocellulosic and synthetic fabrics, dense wood, and polypropylene sheets were tested using a cone calorimeter at different heat fluxes. Time-to-ignition, critical heat flux, and peak of heat release rate (pHRR) were the main parameters considered. It appears that the flammability is firstly monitored by the sample weight.

Influence of Ammonium Polyphosphate/Lignin Ratio on Thermal and Fire Behavior of Biobased Thermoplastic: The Case of Polyamide 11.

Flame retardancy of polymers is a recurring obligation for many applications. The development trend of biobased materials is no exception to this rule, and solutions of flame retardants from agro-resources give an advantage. Lignin is produced as a waste by-product from some industries, and can be used in the intumescent formation development as a source of carbon combined with an acid source.

An Insight into the Flammability of Some Bio-Based Polyesters.

The heat release capacity of polymers can be generally predicted using a method based on the additivity of group contributions (the Van Krevelen approach). Nevertheless, there are some exceptions, evidencing that this approach is insufficient and must be completed. In this study, the kinetic triplet accounting for the description of pyrolysis is identified for 11 polymers.

Determination of the volatile fraction of phosphorus flame retardants in cushioning foam of upholstered furniture: towards respiratory exposure assessment.

The purpose of this paper was to highlight potential exposure in indoor air to phosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) due to their use in upholstered furniture. For that, an analytical method of PFRs by headspace coupled to solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) was developed on cushioning foams in order to determine the PFRs' volatile fraction in the material. Tests on model foams proved the feasibility of the method.