The criticality of risk generalization beliefs. An experimental study on communication about risk of bamboo tableware.

The study focusses on risk related generalization beliefs, i.e., the belief that the risk of a specific agent can be generalized across various conditions.

Evidence-based practice - implementation level and attitude among physical, occupational, and speech and language therapists in Germany: status quo.

Introduction: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an important component of clinical practice in public health. Its implementation involves interpreting scientific studies and then applying this knowledge to clinical decision-making. In Germany, the therapy professions are often trained in non-academic medical schools, and only a small number of therapists are university graduates.

Formation of dsRNA by-products during transcription can be reduced by using low steady-state levels of UTP.

Exogeneous messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) can be used as therapeutic and preventive medication. However, during the enzymatic production process, commonly called transcription, by-products occur which can reduce the therapeutic efficacy of mRNA. One such by-product is double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).

Highly Efficient Spin-Orbit Torque Switching in BiSe/FeGeTe van der Waals Heterostructures.

Topological insulators (TIs) have shown promise as a spin-generating layer to switch the magnetization state of ferromagnets via spin-orbit torque (SOT) due to charge-to-spin conversion efficiency of the TI surface states that arises from spin-momentum locking. However, when TIs are interfaced with conventional bulk ferromagnetic metals, the combination of charge transfer and hybridization can potentially destroy the spin texture and hamper the possibility of accessing the TI surface states. Here, we fabricate an all van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure consisting of molecular beam epitaxy grown bulk-insulating BiSe and exfoliated 2D metallic ferromagnet FeGeTe (FGT) with perpendicular anisotropy.

Mapping the intrinsic photocurrent streamlines through micromagnetic heterostructure devices.

Photocurrent in quantum materials is often collected at global contacts far away from the initial photoexcitation. This collection process is highly nonlocal. It involves an intricate spatial pattern of photocurrent flow (streamlines) away from its primary photoexcitation that depends sensitively on the configuration of current collecting contacts as well as the spatial nonuniformity and tensor structure of conductivity.

Eliminating the effects of reporting bias on risk perception.

Taking the public discourse on health risks due to aluminum in antiperspirants as an example, we conducted a randomized controlled study with repeated measurements to research how selective reporting of risk information affects risk perception and trust in risk information. First, the study varied the information scope that the experimental subjects received (selective vs. complete information).

Michelle Lohmann-Challenge the status quo.

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Mesolimbic dopamine release conveys causal associations.

Learning to predict rewards based on environmental cues is essential for survival. It is believed that animals learn to predict rewards by updating predictions whenever the outcome deviates from expectations, and that such reward prediction errors (RPEs) are signaled by the mesolimbic dopamine system-a key controller of learning. However, instead of learning prospective predictions from RPEs, animals can infer predictions by learning the retrospective cause of rewards.

Effects of as-if risk framing of hazards on risk perception and its rebuttal.

Background: The difference between hazard and risk is crucial in risk assessment but rather unknown by non-experts. Hyper-partisan activists could use this knowledge gap to amplify risk perception by framing hazards as as-if risks, i.e.

Tripartite antigen-agnostic combination immunotherapy cures established poorly immunogenic tumors.

Background: Single-agent immunotherapy has shown remarkable efficacy in selected cancer entities and individual patients. However, most patients fail to respond. This is likely due to diverse immunosuppressive mechanisms acting in a concerted way to suppress the host anti-tumor immune response.

Emergent Moiré Phonons Due to Zone Folding in WSe-WS Van der Waals Heterostructures.

Bilayers of 2D materials offer opportunities for creating devices with tunable electronic, optical, and mechanical properties. In van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) where the constituent monolayers have different lattice constants, a moiré superlattice forms with a length scale larger than the lattice constant of either constituent material regardless of twist angle. Here, we report the appearance of moiré Raman modes from nearly aligned WSe-WS vdWHs in the range of 240-260 cm, which are absent in both monolayers and homobilayers of WSe and WS and in largely misaligned WSe-WS vdWHs.

Personal Protective Measures during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany.

Objectives: The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and can only be contained if the majority of the population takes measures to protect themselves against infection. The present study aimed to investigate personal protective measures, their development over the course of the pandemic in Germany, and potential differences in behavior in terms of sex, age, and education.

Methods: Data from 20 waves of the serial cross-sectional study "BfR-Corona-Monitor" were analyzed.

Identifying content to improve risk assessment communications within the Risk Profile: Literature reviews and focus groups with expert and non-expert stakeholders.

Objective: To improve consumer decision making, the results of risk assessments on food, feed, consumer products or chemicals need to be communicated not only to experts but also to non-expert audiences. The present study draws on evidence from literature reviews and focus groups with diverse stakeholders to identify content to integrate into an existing risk assessment communication (Risk Profile).

Methods: A combination of rapid literature reviews and focus groups with experts (risk assessors (n = 15), risk managers (n = 8)), and non-experts (general public (n = 18)) were used to identify content and strategies for including information about risk assessment results in the "Risk Profile" from the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment.

Communicating Food Risk-Benefit Assessments: Edible Insects as Red Meat Replacers.

Risk-benefit Assessment (RBA) is an emerging methodology in the area of Food and Nutrition that offers a simultaneous evaluation of both risks and benefits linked to dietary choices. Communication of such research to consumers may present a challenge due to the dual nature of RBA. We present a case study of a communication strategy developed for the NovRBA-project.

Ultrafast high-harmonic nanoscopy of magnetization dynamics.

Light-induced magnetization changes, such as all-optical switching, skyrmion nucleation, and intersite spin transfer, unfold on temporal and spatial scales down to femtoseconds and nanometers, respectively. Pump-probe spectroscopy and diffraction studies indicate that spatio-temporal dynamics may drastically affect the non-equilibrium magnetic evolution. Yet, direct real-space magnetic imaging on the relevant timescales has remained challenging.

Serial cross-sectional data on the public's perception on the coronavirus during the first months of the pandemic in Germany.

The coronavirus pandemic poses major challenges for governments and public health authorities. In order to implement appropriate measures, it is important to understand how the population is coping with the pandemic. This dataset contains serial cross-sectional survey data from the first months of the coronavirus pandemic in Germany.

Classroom Management Strategies for Hyflex Instruction: Setting Students Up for Success in the Hybrid Environment.

The COVID-19 pandemic changed the way that schools provide instruction to learners and these changes may last for an extended period of time. One current trend is the use of hyflex instruction, which involves teachers providing instruction to students simultaneously in the classroom and online. This form of instruction provides unique challenges for teachers, including establishing expectations and managing classroom behaviors.

Elastic Image Fusion Software to Coregister Preoperatively Planned Pedicle Screws With Intraoperative Computed Tomography Data for Image-Guided Spinal Surgery.

Background: For complex spinal cases, especially when robotic guidance is used, preoperative planning of pedicle screws can be helpful. Transfer of these preoperatively planned pedicle screws to intraoperative 3-dimensional imaging is challenging because of changes in anatomic alignment between preoperative supine and intraoperative prone imaging, especially when multiple levels are involved. In the spine, where each individual vertebra is subject to independent movement from adjacent level, rigid image fusion is confined to a single vertebra and can display fusion inaccuracies on adjacent levels.

Migration of Injected Wastewater with High Levels of Ammonia in a Saline Aquifer in South Florida.

Treated wastewater with high levels of ammonia has been injected, since March 1983 into the deep saline units of the Lower Floridan aquifer (LFA) from a treatment plant near the east coast of Miami-Dade County in southeastern Florida. Monitoring wells in the plant recorded ammonia concentrations above ambient levels at hydrogeologic units located about 1000 ft (304.8 m) above injection depths between 2500 and 2800 ft (762 and 853 m) below sea level.

Kitchen Hygiene in the Spotlight: How Cooking Shows Influence Viewers' Hygiene Practices.

Poor hygiene when handling food is a major cause of foodborne illness. To investigate whether hygiene practices visible in television cooking shows influence viewers' kitchen hygiene, a study on the adoption of demonstrated hygiene behavior was conducted under controlled, experimental conditions. In a study ostensibly on cooking by following recipes participants (n = 65) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions, in which they watched a cooking video that differed only with regard to the hygiene behavior of the chef.