High-velocity nasal insufflation versus noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for moderate acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the emergency department: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the emergency department (ED) involve dyspnea, cough, and chest discomfort; frequent exacerbations are associated with increased mortality and reduced quality of life. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NiPPV) is commonly used to help relieve symptoms but is limited due to patient intolerance. We aimed to determine whether high-velocity nasal insufflation (HVNI) is noninferior to NiPPV in relieving dyspnea within 4 h in ED patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure.

Giant Mesenteric Lipoblastoma in an Infant: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Abdominal lipoblastoma is a rare tumor composed of embryonic fat. Mesenteric involvement is rarer, with only five cases reported in infants. We report a case of a 10-month-old infant with a lipomatous tumor arising from the ileal mesentery.

Management of Thoracic Empyema in Children: A Survey of Indian Pediatricians, Pediatric Surgeons, Pulmonologists, and Intensivists.

Background: Empyema thoracis poses a clinical conundrum due to its diverse clinical presentations and management options.

Aims And Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the variability in clinical practice across centres and disciplines in the management of empyema in children.

Materials And Methods: An online questionnaire focusing on paediatric empyema management was circulated among clinicians in India.

A multicenter randomized control trial: Point-of-care syndromic assessment versus standard testing in urgent care center patients with acute respiratory illness.

Objective: Syndromic assessment with multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) testing in patients with acute respiratory illness (ARI) allows for simultaneous identification of multiple possible infectious etiologies. Point-of-care (POC) syndromic assessment can be conducted in a clinical setting, such as an urgent care center (UCC), without requiring certified laboratories. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether POC syndromic assessment improved patient satisfaction for patients seen at an UCC with ARI; secondary objectives included whether syndromic assessment reduced self-isolation time, increased diagnostic confidence, and reduced overall antibiotic utilization.

Evaluation of Antibacterial Effects of an Oral Rinse Containing Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus Species.

Background And Aim: Dental caries, primarily caused by and Lactobacillus spp., is a major global health issue. There is a growing need for effective, natural antimicrobial treatments.

Development of an aptasensor for highly sensitive detection of cardiac troponin I using cobalt-nickel metal-organic framework (CoNi-MOF).

Objective And Rationale: This study aimed to develop a highly sensitive and selective single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamer targeting cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a crucial biomarker for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The objective was to fabricate a novel aptamer electrochemical sensor using a composite material of cobalt-nickel metal-organic framework (CoNi-MOF) on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE), leveraging the composite's large surface area and excellent electrical conductivity alongside the aptamer's high affinity for cTnI.

Methods: The aptamer electrochemical sensor was fabricated using the CoNi-MOF composite on SPCE and characterized its properties.

Evaluation of Dentist Perception of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) for Accelerated Tooth Movement - Cross Sectional Survey.

The current survey was conducted to assess the knowledge, awareness and perception of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on accelerated tooth movement among dentist present in the state of Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu dentists were the subjects of the cross-sectional questionnaire survey. 500 participants completed self-administered questionnaires about their knowledge, awareness, and perception of PRP's effect on accelerated tooth movement.

Effectiveness of herbs taken concurrently with antihypertensive drugs in managing hypertension and lipid outcomes. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Hypertension is the primary cause of mortality. Hence globally, there is a growing interest in complementing antihypertensive drugs with herbs to alleviate blood pressure among hypertensive patients. Thus, this review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of complementing drugs with herbs on blood pressure and lipid profile outcomes, the associated factors and the types of complementary herbs alongside their consumption regimes.

Phage-antibiotic combinations in various treatment modalities to manage MRSA infections.

The emergence of antibiotic resistance is a significant challenge in the treatment of bacterial infections, particularly in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Phage-antibiotic combination therapy is now being utilized as a preferred therapeutic option for infections that are multi-drug resistant in nature. In this study, we examined the combined impact of the staph phage vB_Sau_S90 and four antibiotics on methicillin-resistant (MRSA).

Identification of connective tissue disease autoantibodies and a novel autoantibody anti-annexin A11 in patients with "idiopathic" interstitial lung disease.

Background: Autoantibodies are a hallmark feature of Connective Tissue Diseases (CTD). Their presence in patients with idiopathic interstitial lung disease (ILD) may suggest covert CTD. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CTD autoantibodies in patients diagnosed with idiopathic ILD.

Sequence-structure-function characterization of the emerging tetracycline destructase family of antibiotic resistance enzymes.

Tetracycline destructases (TDases) are flavin monooxygenases which can confer resistance to all generations of tetracycline antibiotics. The recent increase in the number and diversity of reported TDase sequences enables a deep investigation of the TDase sequence-structure-function landscape. Here, we evaluate the sequence determinants of TDase function through two complementary approaches: (1) constructing profile hidden Markov models to predict new TDases, and (2) using multiple sequence alignments to identify conserved positions important to protein function.

Assessing the sensitivity and specificity of myositis-specific and associated autoantibodies: a sub-study from the MyoCite cohort.

Objectives: Myositis-specific and associated autoantibodies are important biomarkers in routine clinical use. We assessed local testing performance for myositis autoantibodies by comparing line immunoassay (LIA) to protein radio-immunoprecipitation and identifying clinical characteristics associated with each myositis autoantibody in the MyoCite cohort.

Methods: Serum samples from patients within the MyoCite cohort, a well-characterized retro-prospective dataset of adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) patients in Lucknow, India (2017-2020), underwent LIA at Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Science (SGPGIMS), Lucknow.

Antibiotic resistance, biofilm forming ability, and clonal profiling of clinical isolates of from southern and northeastern India.

Background: is a pathogen endemic in India and sometimes deadly for patients in intensive care units.

Objectives: To determine the antibiotic-resistance pattern, biofilm forming ability, and clonal type of from isolates collected in Tamil Nadu (south) and the Mizoram (northeast) regions of India.

Methods: We collected isolates from diagnostic laboratories in Tamil Nadu and Mizoram.

Gene-Diet Interactions on Metabolic Disease-Related Outcomes in Southeast Asian Populations: A Systematic Review.

Diabetes and obesity are chronic diseases that are a burden to low- and middle-income countries. We conducted this systematic review to understand gene-diet interactions affecting the Southeast Asian population's risk of obesity and diabetes. The literature search was performed on Google Scholar and MEDLINE (PubMed) search engines independently by four reviewers who evaluated the eligibility of articles based on inclusion criteria.

A comprehensive review of analyzing the chest X-ray images to detect COVID-19 infections using deep learning techniques.

COVID-19, a highly infectious respiratory disease a used by SARS virus, has killed millions of people across many countries. To enhance quick and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19, chest X-ray (CXR) imaging methods were commonly utilized. Identifying the infection manually by radio imaging, on the other hand, was considered, extremely difficult due to the time commitment and significant risk of human error.

Characterization of Arthropeptide B, an Antifungal Cyclic Tetrapeptide from Arthrobacter humicola.

Disease suppressive composts are known, yet little information on the potential role of specific microbial antagonist within are available. Arthrobacter humicola isolate M9-1A has been obtained from a compost prepared from marine residues and peat moss. The bacterium is a non-filamentous actinomycete with antagonistic activity against plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes sharing its ecological niche in agri-food microecosystems.