Categorical and semantic perception of the meaning of call-types in zebra finches.

Vocal communication in social animals involves the production and perception of various calls that ethologists categorize into call-types, based on their acoustical structure and the behavioral context of production. Whether animals perceive these categories and associate distinct meanings to them remains unknown. The zebra finch, a gregarious songbird, uses approximately 11 call-types to communicate hunger, danger, social conflict, and establish social contact and bonding.

Evaluating the transmission dynamics and host competency of aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) experimentally infected with Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and leukotoxigenic Pasteurellaceae.

Feral populations of aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) occur in Texas bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) habitat and pose several conceptual ecological threats to bighorn sheep re-establishment efforts. The potential threat of disease transmission from aoudad to bighorn sheep may exacerbate these issues, but the host competency of aoudad and subsequent pathophysiology and transmissibility of pneumonic pathogens involved in the bighorn sheep respiratory disease complex is largely unknown. Because the largest population-limiting diseases of bighorn sheep involve pathogens causing bronchopneumonia, we evaluated the host competency of aoudad for Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and leukotoxigenic Pasteurellaceae.

Synaptic wiring motifs in posterior parietal cortex support decision-making.

The posterior parietal cortex exhibits choice-selective activity during perceptual decision-making tasks. However, it is not known how this selective activity arises from the underlying synaptic connectivity. Here we combined virtual-reality behaviour, two-photon calcium imaging, high-throughput electron microscopy and circuit modelling to analyse how synaptic connectivity between neurons in the posterior parietal cortex relates to their selective activity.

Early single sport specialization does not improve pitching velocity, motion, strength, or utilization in high school baseball pitchers.

Background: The impact of single-sport specialization on performance and injury risk in youth and adolescent athletes remains debated. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of single-sport specialization and its association with pitch velocity, pitcher utilization, range of motion, strength, and injury history.

Methods: High school pitchers in the Northeastern, Southeastern, Midwestern, and Western Regions of the United States were prospectively recruited.

Preoperative Planning Software Does Not Accurately Predict Range of Motion in Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether preoperative planning software (PPS) accurately predicts clinical range of motion (ROM) in patients with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty 1 year postoperatively with preoperative and postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 16 reverse total shoulder arthroplasty patients with preoperative and postoperative (CT) scans obtained at least 1 year postoperatively. Clinical ROM was measured in abduction, external rotation at resting abduction, extension, and flexion at a minimum of 1 year postoperatively.

Revision Subpectoral Biceps Tenodesis Demonstrates a High Patient Satisfaction and Good Functional Outcomes.

Purpose: To clinically evaluate a subset of patients who underwent a revision subpectoral biceps tenodesis for a clinically failed proximal biceps tenodesis.

Methods: This is a retrospective case series of patients with at least 2-year follow-up who had undergone a revision biceps tenodesis after clinical failure of a proximal biceps tenodesis between January 2008 and February 2020 by a single surgeon. Patients who underwent concomitant procedures, such as revision cuff repair, were excluded.

Pneumomediastinum as a postinfectious complication of COVID-19 in paediatric patient.

An adolescent boy presented to the clinic with upper chest pain, anterior neck pain and difficulty swallowing 3 weeks following a COVID-19 infection. The pain started a few days before while participating in football practice. He reported no significant trauma or specific incidence when the pain began.

Structured cerebellar connectivity supports resilient pattern separation.

The cerebellum is thought to help detect and correct errors between intended and executed commands and is critical for social behaviours, cognition and emotion. Computations for motor control must be performed quickly to correct errors in real time and should be sensitive to small differences between patterns for fine error correction while being resilient to noise. Influential theories of cerebellar information processing have largely assumed random network connectivity, which increases the encoding capacity of the network's first layer.

Unsuccessful Chemical Immobilization of a Roan Antelope (Hippotragus equinus) Using a Premixed Medetomidine-Ketamine Combination.

We unsuccessfully attempted to safely chemically immobilize a roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus) with a premixed combination of medetomidine (5 mg/mL) and ketamine (150 mg/mL) for injury treatment. This dose (0.066 mg/kg medetomidine and 1.

Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies longer than 13 months in naturally infected, captive white-tailed deer (), Texas.

After identifying a captive herd of white-tailed deer in central Texas with >94% seroprevalence with SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in September 2021, we worked retrospectively through archived serum samples of 21 deer and detected seroconversion of all animals between December 2020 and January 2021. We then collected prospective samples to conclude that the duration of persistence of neutralizing antibodies is at least 13 months for 19 (90.5%) of the animals, with two animals converting to seronegative after six and eight months.

Improved management of pediatric obesity in the primary care setting through implementation of the healthy care for healthy kids obesity toolkit.

Pediatric obesity has become a major health care concern over the last several decades. This condition can lead to detrimental life-long physical and mental comorbidities. Pediatric primary care providers have a unique opportunity to both prevent and treat pediatric obesity in their clinics.

Safety and Efficacy of Nalbuphine, Medetomidine, and Azaperone for Immobilizing Aoudad (Ammotragus lervia).

We evaluated the safety and efficacy of nalbuphine (40 mg/mL), plus medetomidine (10 mg/mL), plus azaperone (10 mg/mL) under the premixed label NalMed-A. From January to March 2020, 10 aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) were immobilized via dart-gun for seven separate sampling periods for a total of 45 recorded individual immobilization events. Induction and reversal times with NalMed-A were 5.

High Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) at One of Three Captive Cervid Facilities in Texas.

Free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) across the United States are increasingly recognized for infection and transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Through a cross-sectional study of 80 deer at three captive cervid facilities in central and southern Texas, we provide evidence of 34 of 36 (94.4%) white-tailed deer at a single captive cervid facility seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 by neutralization assay (PRNT), with endpoint titers as high as 1,280.

Reconstruction of motor control circuits in adult Drosophila using automated transmission electron microscopy.

To investigate circuit mechanisms underlying locomotor behavior, we used serial-section electron microscopy (EM) to acquire a synapse-resolution dataset containing the ventral nerve cord (VNC) of an adult female Drosophila melanogaster. To generate this dataset, we developed GridTape, a technology that combines automated serial-section collection with automated high-throughput transmission EM. Using this dataset, we studied neuronal networks that control leg and wing movements by reconstructing all 507 motor neurons that control the limbs.

Treatment of Brooke-Spiegler Syndrome Trichoepitheliomas with Erbium: Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Laser: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Patients with Brooke-Spiegler Syndrome (BSS) can present with benign cylindromas, spiradenomas, spiradenocylindromas, and trichoepithelioma. Therapy options include excision, electrocautery, CO laser ablation, dermabrasion, and radiofrequency. Here, we present a patient with BSS with multiple trichoepitheliomas who was successfully treated with erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) laser therapy and review similar cases of BSS treated with a YAG laser modality.

Radiofrequency Therapy and Noncosmetic Cutaneous Conditions.

Background: The need for noninvasive methods in treatment of cutaneous disease has continued to evolve exponentially. Amidst the search for technologies, radiofrequency (RF) has proven efficacious in numerous skin disease processes. Although RF is well known for its cosmetic utility, its mechanism is valued in the treatment of many noncosmetic cutaneous conditions of various etiologies.

Differin and depilation, a word of warning.

Background: Retinoid products are becoming increasingly popular due to their efficacy and mild side effect profile. A few cases of epidermal stripping with wax depilation have been reported, but all have been associated with oral retinoid use.

Aims: We aim to increase awareness of this adverse effect.

A pilot clinical trial of a near-infrared laser vaccine adjuvant: safety, tolerability, and cutaneous immune cell trafficking.

Many vaccines require adjuvants to enhance immunogenicity, but there are few safe and effective intradermal (i.d.) adjuvants.

Patient Reported Improvement in Quality of Life Associated With Successful Laser Hair Reduction at Hemodialysis Site With 1064-nm Nd:YAG Laser.

Laser hair reduction is a well-established modality for a wide range of medical indications. Laser hair reduction can be beneficial for hemodialysis patients who undergo repeated adhesive tape application and removal at their hemodialysis site during hemodialysis sessions. There is a paucity of published literature on efficacious laser hair removal treatments for hemodialysis patients.

Structural flexibility of halogen bonds showed in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal [2+2] photodimerization.

Halogen bonds have emerged as noncovalent forces that govern the assembly of molecules in organic solids with a degree of reliability akin to hydrogen bonds. Although the structure-directing roles of halogen bonds are often compared to hydrogen bonds, general knowledge concerning the fundamental structural behavior of halogen bonds has had limited opportunity to develop. Following an investigation of solid-state reactions involving organic syntheses and the development of photoresponsive materials, this work demonstrates the ability of the components of intermolecular N⋯I halogen bonding - a 'workhorse' interaction for the crystal engineer - to support a single-crystal-to-single-crystal [2+2] photodimerization.