Results at Up to 30 Years After Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis for Chronic Ulcerative Colitis.

Background: Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) has become the surgical procedure of choice for patients with chronic ulcerative colitis. No study to date has examined functional and quality-of-life outcomes 30 years after pouch construction.

Methods: Using data from a prospectively maintained database with annually distributed questionnaires, functional outcomes, pouch complications, and quality of life after IPAA were determined.

Risk Factors and Outcomes of De Novo Cancers (Excluding Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer) After Liver Transplantation for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.

Background: Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) may be at higher risk of malignancy after liver transplantation (LT) compared to other LT recipients. We aimed to determine the cumulative incidence of/risk factors for long-term cancer-related mortality in patients with PSC after LT.

Methods: All adult patients underwent LT for PSC without cholangiocarcinoma from 1984 to 2012, with follow-up through June 2015.

Memory Errors in Alibi Generation: How an Alibi Can Turn Against Us.

Alibis play a critical role in the criminal justice system. Yet research on the process of alibi generation and evaluation is still nascent. Indeed, similar to other widely investigated psychological phenomena in the legal system - such as false confessions, historical claims of abuse, and eyewitness memory - the basic assumptions underlying alibi generation and evaluation require closer empirical scrutiny.

Eavesdropping on Memory.

For more than four decades, I have been studying human memory. My research concerns the malleable nature of memory. Information suggested to an individual about an event can be integrated with the memory of the event itself, so that what actually occurred, and what was discussed later about what may have occurred, become inextricably interwoven, allowing distortion, elaboration, and even total fabrication.

Low Risk of Pneumonia From Pneumocystis jirovecii Infection in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Receiving Immune Suppression.

Background & Aims: Use of immunosuppressants and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may increase the risk of pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJP). We assessed the risk of PJP in a population-based cohort of patients with IBD treated with corticosteroids, immune-suppressive medications, and biologics.

Methods: We performed a population-based cohort study of residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, diagnosed with Crohn's disease (n = 427) or ulcerative colitis (n = 510) from 1970 through 2011.

Development of a Microscopic Colitis Disease Activity Index: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: Microscopic colitis (MC) is a common cause of chronic diarrhoea, often with additional symptoms. No validated instruments exist to assess disease activity in MC, making it difficult to compare efficacy of treatments between clinical trials. We aimed to identify clinical features that independently predicted disease severity and create a Microscopic Colitis Disease Activity Index (MCDAI).

Ustekinumab as Induction and Maintenance Therapy for Crohn's Disease.

Background: Ustekinumab, a monoclonal antibody to the p40 subunit of interleukin-12 and interleukin-23, was evaluated as an intravenous induction therapy in two populations with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease. Ustekinumab was also evaluated as subcutaneous maintenance therapy.

Methods: We randomly assigned patients to receive a single intravenous dose of ustekinumab (either 130 mg or approximately 6 mg per kilogram of body weight) or placebo in two induction trials.

Ustekinumab in treatment of Crohn's disease: design, development, and potential place in therapy.

Crohn's disease is characterized by a dysregulation of both innate and adaptive immunity responses. Interleukin-12/23 (IL-12/23) pathway has been found to be a major driver of inflammation in adaptive immune responses. Ustekinumab is a fully human immunoglobulin G1 kappa monoclonal antibody that blocks the p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23 and prevents their interaction with their cell surface receptor and further cytokine activation.

Comparison of Infliximab and Adalimumab in Biologic-Naive Patients With Ulcerative Colitis: A Nationwide Danish Cohort Study.

Background & Aims: This study compares the effectiveness and safety of infliximab and adalimumab in biologic-naive patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), in a nationwide register-based propensity score-matched cohort study.

Methods: From 1719 adults with UC, between ages 15 and 75 years in Denmark treated with either infliximab or adalimumab as their first biologic agent, we compared rates of all-cause hospitalization, UC-related hospitalization, major abdominal surgery, and serious infections after a variable 2:1 propensity score matching, accounting for baseline clinical characteristics, disease severity, health care utilization, and use of UC-related medications.

Results: As compared with infliximab-treated patients, adalimumab-treated patients had higher rate of all-cause hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR], 1.

Rate and Predictors of Interval Esophageal and Gastric Cancers after Esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the United States.

Background And Aims: In the United States, little is known about the rates of interval upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancer (possibly missed out) after an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is performed. Data from non-US studies reported interval cancer rates of 7-26%. We aimed to study the rate and predictors of interval upper GI cancers in the United States.

Incidence and Prevalence of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis in Olmsted County, Minnesota From 1970 Through 2010.

Background & Aims: The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) continue to increase worldwide. We sought to update incidence rates of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in a well-defined United States population, calculating values for Olmsted County, Minnesota through 2010. We also calculated prevalence values.

Development of an index to define overall disease severity in IBD.

Background And Aim: Disease activity for Crohn's disease (CD) and UC is typically defined based on symptoms at a moment in time, and ignores the long-term burden of disease. The aims of this study were to select the attributes determining overall disease severity, to rank the importance of and to score these individual attributes for both CD and UC.

Methods: Using a modified Delphi panel, 14 members of the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IOIBD) selected the most important attributes related to IBD.

Increased Rates of Clostridium difficile Infection and Poor Outcomes in Patients with IBD with Cytomegalovirus.

Background: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation are associated with disease exacerbations and poor outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, we assessed the association between these organisms in patients with IBD and the impact on colectomy.

Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted to assess CDI prevalence in patients with IBD with a tissue diagnosis of CMV compared with matched IBD controls without CMV from 2005 to 2011.

Long-term Efficacy of Vedolizumab for Ulcerative Colitis.

Background And Aims: The GEMINI long-term safety [LTS] study is a continuing phase 3 trial investigating the safety and efficacy of vedolizumab, an α4β7 integrin antagonist for ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn's disease. We provide an interim analysis of efficacy in patients with UC.

Methods: Patients from the C13004 and GEMINI 1 studies and a cohort of vedolizumab-naïve patients received open-label vedolizumab every 4 weeks.

Long-term Efficacy of Vedolizumab for Crohn's Disease.

Background And Aims: Vedolizumab is a gut-selective α4β7 integrin antagonist therapy for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The GEMINI long-term safety [LTS] trial is an ongoing open-label study investigating the safety of vedolizumab. We present interim exploratory analyses of efficacy in patients with Crohn's disease.

Postoperative Outcomes in Vedolizumab-Treated Patients Undergoing Abdominal Operations for Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Introduction: Vedolizumab was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn's disease [CD]. No study to date has examined the rate of postoperative infectious complications among patients who received vedolizumab in the perioperative period. We sought to determine the 30-day postoperative infectious complication rate among inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients who received vedolizumab within 12 weeks of an abdominal operation as compared to patients who received tumour necrosis factor α [TNFα] inhibitors or no biological therapy.

Safety of Long-term Treatment With Certolizumab Pegol in Patients With Crohn's Disease, Based on a Pooled Analysis of Data From Clinical Trials.

Background & Aims: Treatments for Crohn's disease (CD) have been linked to serious infections, malignancies, and dermatologic complications. We pooled and analyzed clinical trials of certolizumab pegol, a pegylated humanized Fab' fragment against tumor necrosis factor, to quantify safety events in patients with CD.

Methods: We collected data from 5 placebo-controlled trials, 9 open-label studies, and 1 dose-regimen study, conducted globally through April 2014.

The Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Vedolizumab for Moderate-Severe Crohn's Disease: Results From the US VICTORY Consortium.

Objectives: We assessed the real-world effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab (VDZ) in moderate-severe Crohn's disease (CD).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of seven medical centers, from May 2014 to December 2015. Adults with moderate-severe CD treated with VDZ, with follow-up after initiation of therapy, were included.