The JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib inhibits mediator release from human basophils and mast cells.

Introduction: The Janus kinase (JAK) family includes four cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2) constitutively bound to several cytokine receptors. JAKs phosphorylate downstream signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT). JAK-STAT5 pathways play a critical role in basophil and mast cell activation.

Innate Immune Cells in Melanoma: Implications for Immunotherapy.

The innate immune system, composed of neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), mast cells (MCs), and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), is the first line of defense. Growing evidence demonstrates the crucial role of innate immunity in tumor initiation and progression. Several studies support the idea that innate immunity, through the release of pro- and/or anti-inflammatory cytokines and tumor growth factors, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis, progression, and prognosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM).

Ca-Dependent Processes of Innate Immunity in IBD.

IBD is an uncontrolled inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract, which mainly manifests in two forms: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The pathogenesis of IBD appears to be associated with an abnormal response of innate and adaptive immune cells. Innate immunity cells, such as macrophages, mast cells, and granulocytes, can produce proinflammatory (e.

Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) Is Cleaved by Human Mast Cell Tryptase and Chymase.

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), mainly expressed by epithelial cells, plays a central role in asthma. In humans, TSLP exists in two variants: the long form TSLP (lfTSLP) and a shorter TSLP isoform (sfTSLP). Macrophages (HLMs) and mast cells (HLMCs) are in close proximity in the human lung and play key roles in asthma.

TSLP is localized in and released from human lung macrophages activated by T2-high and T2-low stimuli: relevance in asthma and COPD.

Background: Macrophages are the predominant immune cells in the human lung and play a central role in airway inflammation, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a pleiotropic cytokine mainly expressed by bronchial epithelial cells, plays a key role in asthma and COPD pathobiology. TSLP exists in two variants: the long form (lfTSLP) and a shorter TSLP isoform (sfTSLP).

Ultrafine particulate matter pollution and dysfunction of endoplasmic reticulum Ca store: A pathomechanism shared with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor neurons?

Increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases has been envisaged for air pollution exposure. On the other hand, environmental risk factors, including air pollution, have been suggested for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) pathomechanism. Therefore, the neurotoxicity of ultrafine particulate matter (PM0.

Observation of WZγ Production in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector.

This Letter reports the observation of WZγ production and a measurement of its cross section using 140.1±1.2  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider.

Evidence for the Higgs Boson Decay to a Z Boson and a Photon at the LHC.

The first evidence for the Higgs boson decay to a Z boson and a photon is presented, with a statistical significance of 3.4 standard deviations. The result is derived from a combined analysis of the searches performed by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations with proton-proton collision datasets collected at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) from 2015 to 2018.

Search for Dark Photons in Rare Z Boson Decays with the ATLAS Detector.

A search for events with a dark photon produced in association with a dark Higgs boson via rare decays of the standard model Z boson is presented, using 139  fb^{-1} of sqrt[s]=13  TeV proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The dark boson decays into a pair of dark photons, and at least two of the three dark photons must each decay into a pair of electrons or muons, resulting in at least two same-flavor opposite-charge lepton pairs in the final state. The data are found to be consistent with the background prediction, and upper limits are set on the dark photon's coupling to the dark Higgs boson times the kinetic mixing between the standard model photon and the dark photon, α_{D}ϵ^{2}, in the dark photon mass range of [5, 40] GeV except for the ϒ mass window [8.

Observation of Single-Top-Quark Production in Association with a Photon Using the ATLAS Detector.

This Letter reports the observation of single top quarks produced together with a photon, which directly probes the electroweak coupling of the top quark. The analysis uses 139  fb^{-1} of 13 TeV proton-proton collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Requiring a photon with transverse momentum larger than 20 GeV and within the detector acceptance, the fiducial cross section is measured to be 688±23(stat) _{-71}^{+75}(syst)  fb, to be compared with the standard model prediction of 515_{-42}^{+36}  fb at next-to-leading order in QCD.

Observation of an Excess of Dicharmonium Events in the Four-Muon Final State with the ATLAS Detector.

A search is made for potential ccc[over ¯]c[over ¯] tetraquarks decaying into a pair of charmonium states in the four muon final state using proton-proton collision data at sqrt[s]=13  TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140  fb^{-1} recorded by the ATLAS experiment at LHC. Two decay channels, J/ψ+J/ψ→4μ and J/ψ+ψ(2S)→4μ, are studied. Backgrounds are estimated based on a hybrid approach involving Monte Carlo simulations and data-driven methods.

Observation of the γγ→ττ Process in Pb+Pb Collisions and Constraints on the τ-Lepton Anomalous Magnetic Moment with the ATLAS Detector.

This Letter reports the observation of τ-lepton-pair production in ultraperipheral lead-lead collisions Pb+Pb→Pb(γγ→ττ)Pb and constraints on the τ-lepton anomalous magnetic moment a_{τ}. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.44  nb^{-1} of LHC Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

Cytokine dysregulation despite immunoglobulin replacement therapy in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID).

Introduction: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most prevalent symptomatic primary immunodeficiency. CVID is a heterogeneous disorder with a presumed multifactorial etiology. Intravenous or subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) can prevent severe infections but not underlying immune dysregulation.

Strong Constraints on Jet Quenching in Centrality-Dependent p+Pb Collisions at 5.02 TeV from ATLAS.

Jet quenching is the process of color-charged partons losing energy via interactions with quark-gluon plasma droplets created in heavy-ion collisions. The collective expansion of such droplets is well described by viscous hydrodynamics. Similar evidence of collectivity is consistently observed in smaller collision systems, including pp and p+Pb collisions.

BNT162b2 Elicited an Efficient Cell-Mediated Response against SARS-CoV-2 in Kidney Transplant Recipients and Common Variable Immunodeficiency Patients.

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is the standard of care for the prevention of COVID-19 disease. Although vaccination triggers both humoral and cellular immune response, COVID-19 vaccination efficacy is currently evaluated by measuring antibodies only, whereas adaptative cellular immunity is unexplored. Our aim is to test humoral and cell-mediated response after three doses of BNT162b vaccine in two cohorts of fragile patients: Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) patients and Kidney Transplant Recipients (KTR) patients compared to healthy donors.

Test of CP Invariance in Higgs Boson Vector-Boson-Fusion Production Using the H→γγ Channel with the ATLAS Detector.

A test of CP invariance in Higgs boson production via vector-boson fusion has been performed in the H→γγ channel using 139  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data at sqrt[s]=13  TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The optimal observable method is used to probe the CP structure of interactions between the Higgs boson and electroweak gauge bosons, as described by an effective field theory. No sign of CP violation is observed in the data.