PSMA-Guided Imaging and Therapy of Advanced Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas and Other Salivary Gland Carcinomas.

SGCs are rare malignancies, accounting for less than 1% of all head and neck cancers [...

Peduncular hallucinosis: insights from a neurosurgical point of view.

Objective: Peduncular hallucinosis is a rare phenomenon characterized by visual hallucinosis and agitation. It appears mainly in vascular lesions affecting the brainstem, and some recent reports describe the preoperative and postoperative appearance of peduncular hallucinosis in patients affected through tumor compression at the brainstem.

Methods: Detailing the neurosurgical experiences with this syndrome, we review the available literature and provide pathoneurobiological insights to give the neurosurgeon an overall view of this phenomenon.

The p38 SAPK pathway is required for Ha-ras induced in vitro invasion of NIH3T3 cells.

Constitutive activation of the ras oncoprotein plays a critical role in cancer invasion and metastasis. Particularly, ras-related protease expression such as the serine protease urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA) has been implicated in mediating cancer cell invasion. Previous studies have shown that ras-mediated u-PA expression is regulated through the mitogen- (MAPK) and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) signal transduction pathways extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun-activating kinase (JNK).

The effect of anti-diuretic hormone on the endolymphatic sac of the inner ear.

The anti-diuretic hormone vasopressin (AVP) regulates water excretion from the kidney by increasing the water permeability of the collecting duct. AVP binds to V2-receptors and induces the translocation of aquaporin-2 water channels (AQP-2) into the apical plasma membrane of principal cells. By this mechanism AVP controls water reabsorption in the kidney.