Neonatal Subcutaneous Emphysema Secondary to Chest Tube Placement Using the Trocar Technique: A Case Report.

Subcutaneous emphysema is a type of air leak in which air accumulates within the subcutaneous layer of the skin underneath the dermal layers. The accumulation of air can be seen on imaging in relevant body areas such as the abdomen, chest, face, or neck. During physical examination, crepitus, the sensation or sound of crackling upon palpation, is the most common associated finding.

Mapping sex and gender differences in falls among older adults: A scoping review.

Background: There is growing recognition of the importance of sex and gender differences within falls literature, but the characterization of such literature is uncertain. The aim of this scoping review was to (1) map the nature and extent of falls literature examining sex or gender differences among older adults, and (2) identify gaps and opportunities for further research and practice.

Methods: We used a scoping review methodology.

Evaluation of the use of intranasal atipamezole to reverse the sedative effects of xylazine in dogs.

Objective: To assess the ability of intranasal atipamezole to reverse sedative effects of xylazine in dogs.

Design: Prospective proof-of-concept study.

Setting: University research laboratory.

Use of an Escape Room Experience in Emergency Veterinary Medicine Education.

Escape room experiences have been used as an educational tool in several health professions, and to the authors' knowledge, it is not yet documented in veterinary medicine. They are an example of gamification in a simulated environment where course objectives guide puzzle development. Veterinary emergency medicine can be very stressful as veterinarians often have to make quick decisions.

Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Abdominal Wall Secondary to Complicated Appendicitis: A Case Report.

Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies worldwide. Many complications can occur secondary to complicated appendicitis including abscess formation, gangrene, sepsis, and perforation, rarely, leading to abdominal wall necrotizing fasciitis. The incidence of necrotizing fasciitis as a complication of ruptured appendicitis is extremely uncommon.

Outcomes of Implementing a Webinar-Based Strategy to Improve Spinal Cord Injury Knowledge and Community Building: Convergent Mixed Methods Study.

Background: COVID-19 disrupted services received by persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) worldwide. The International Disability Alliance declared the need for a disability-inclusive response to the COVID-19 crisis, as decreased access to health care services for individuals living with varying levels of function was unacceptable. As a result, an SCI community in Canada created a novel webinar-based strategy aimed at improving access to self-management information for people living with SCI and other stakeholders.

Performing an upper airway examination in dogs.

Background: Increased airway resistance due to upper airway obstruction is a common cause of respiratory distress. An upper airway exam is an inexpensive and quick diagnostic procedure that can serve to localize a disease process, confirm a definitive diagnosis, and offer therapeutic benefits.

Description: The upper airway examination consists of an external evaluation of the head and neck as well as a sedated examination of the oral cavity, the pharyngeal cavity, larynx, and nasal passages.

Respiratory distress in small animals: Pathophysiology and clinical approach.

Background: Respiratory distress is a common reason for animals to present to the emergency room. An understanding of respiratory physiology is helpful to facilitate accurate localization of the patient's source of respiratory distress. This knowledge will aid implementation of more appropriate therapies.

Successful non-invasive management of iatrogenic splenic injury associated with a peritoneal dialysis catheter in a dog.

An 11-month-old, intact female Labrador retriever was presented with oligoanuric acute kidney injury and overhydration after grape ingestion. Percutaneous placement of a 12G × 30 cm Mila chest tube was done as an emergency temporary peritoneal dialysis catheter. Although no serious immediate complications were noted, an iatrogenic splenic injury had occurred.

Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in a dog that was presented for neck wounds.

A 12-year-old spayed female German shorthaired pointer dog sustained extensive bite wounds around the neck. At presentation, atrial fibrillation was identified with a rapid ventricular response rate of 300 beats per minute (bpm). The ventricular response rate rapidly decreased to 130 bpm following administration of hydromorphone and oxygen.

Neuroimaging in Pediatric Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Relating the Current 2018 Centers for Disease Control Guideline and the Potential of Advanced Neuroimaging Modalities for Research and Clinical Biomarker Development.

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s 2018 Guideline for current practices in pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI; also referred to as concussion herein) systematically identified the best up-to-date practices based on current evidence and, specifically, identified recommended practices regarding computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and skull radiograph imaging. In this article, we discuss types of neuroimaging not discussed in the guideline in terms of their safety for pediatric populations, their potential application, and the research investigating the future use of certain modalities to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of mTBI in children. The role of neuroimaging in pediatric mTBI cases should be considered for the potential contribution to children's neural and social development, in addition to the immediate clinical value (as in the case of acute structural findings).

Radiographic findings predictive of irreducibility and surgical resection in ileocolic intussusception.

Background: Ileocolic intussusception is a common cause of intestinal obstruction in young children. Radiographs may be of limited value in the diagnosis of intussusception and are sometimes utilized primarily to exclude pneumoperitoneum before therapeutic enema reduction.

Objective: The goal of this study was to determine if radiographic findings in ileocolic intussusception can offer prognostic information regarding the outcome of therapeutic air enema and, for those requiring surgical intervention, surgical outcomes and/or complications.

Incidence and importance of portal venous gas in children with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

Background: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is a common cause of gastric outlet obstruction in young infants. Infants with HPS present with projectile vomiting, sometimes have electrolyte abnormalities and typically undergo pyloromyotomy to alleviate the obstruction. Abdominal US is the gold standard imaging study for diagnosis.

Genetic and pharmacological manipulation of glial glutamate transporters does not alter infection-induced seizure activity.

The contribution of glial transporters to glutamate movement across the membrane has been identified as a potential target for anti-seizure therapies. Two such glutamate transporters, GLT-1 and system x, are expressed on glial cells, and modulation of their expression and function have been identified as a means by which seizures, neuronal injury, and gliosis can be reduced in models of brain injury. While GLT-1 is responsible for the majority of glutamate uptake in the brain, system x releases glutamate in the extracellular cleft in exchange for cystine and represents as such the major source of hippocampal extracellular glutamate.

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: Current trends and patient education opportunities for dental hygienists.

Concerns regarding the overall health consequences, product safety, impact on youth brain development, and possible gateways to other tobacco products of Electronic Nicotene Delivery Systems (ENDS) are increasing. However, evidence suggests little is known about ENDS among health care professionals and the public. The purpose of this review was to explore the literature for opportunities to inform dental patients about the possible health consequences of ENDS and prevention strategies to consider for implementation in dental practice.

Placement of a balloon for resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta without fluoroscopic guidance in canine cadavers.

Objective: To determine whether a balloon for resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) could be accurately placed in the descending aorta between the left subclavian and celiac arteries (zone I) by using external anatomic landmarks in dogs.

Study Design: Cadaver study.

Sample Population: Fifteen canine cadavers of 3 weight categories (10-20, 20-30, and ≥ 30 kg).

Concurrent renal amyloidosis and thymoma resulting in a fatal ventricular thrombus in a dog.

Thymoma-associated nephropathies have been reported in people but not in dogs. In this report, we describe a dog with thymoma and concurrent renal amyloidosis. A 7-year-old castrated male Weimaraner was presented for progressive anorexia, lethargy, and tachypnea.

The "Flat Diaphragm": Does the Degree of Curvature of the Diaphragm on Postoperative X-Ray Predict Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Recurrence?

Purpose: The appearance of the diaphragmatic curvature and the rib insertion level of the diaphragm on postoperative chest X-ray (CXR) may predict recurrence. Our purpose was to examine the relationship between the curvature of the diaphragm on postoperative CXR and recurrence.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of left-sided, Bochdalek congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) surgical repairs from 2004 to 2015 at a single institution.

Corneal kindled C57BL/6 mice exhibit saturated dentate gyrus long-term potentiation and associated memory deficits in the absence of overt neuron loss.

Memory deficits have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients with epilepsy and currently no effective treatments exist to mitigate this comorbidity. While these cognitive comorbidities can be associated with varying degrees of hippocampal cell death and hippocampal sclerosis, more subtle changes in hippocampal physiology independent of cell loss may underlie memory dysfunction in many epilepsy patients. Accordingly, animal models of epilepsy or epileptic processes exhibiting memory deficits in the absence of cell loss could facilitate novel therapy discovery.

Promoting children's health: Toward a consensus statement on food literacy.

This consensus statement reflects the views of a diverse group of stakeholders convened to explore the concept of "food literacy" as it relates to children's health. Evidence-based conceptions of food literacy are needed in light of the term's popularity in health promotion and educational interventions designed to increase food skills and knowledge that contribute to overall health. Informed by a comprehensive scoping review that identified seven main themes of food literacy, meeting participants ranked those themes in terms of importance.

Improving ultrasound for appendicitis through standardized reporting of secondary signs.

Objective: Our aim was to implement a standardized US report that included secondary signs of appendicitis (SS) to facilitate accurate diagnosis of appendicitis and decrease the use of computed tomography (CT) and admissions for observation.

Methods: A multidisciplinary team implemented a quality improvement (QI) intervention in the form of a standardized US report and provided stakeholders with monthly feedback. Outcomes including report compliance, CT use, and observation admissions were compared pretemplate and posttemplate.

Secondary signs may improve the diagnostic accuracy of equivocal ultrasounds for suspected appendicitis in children.

Introduction: Ultrasound (US) is the preferred imaging modality for evaluating appendicitis. Our purpose was to determine if including secondary signs (SS) improve diagnostic accuracy in equivocal US studies.

Methods: Retrospective review identified 825 children presenting with concern for appendicitis and with a right lower quadrant (RLQ) US.