Medical Image Magnification Based on Original and Estimated Pixel Selection Models.

Background: The issue of medial image resolution enhancement is one of the most important topics for medical imaging that helps improve the performance of many post-processing aspects like classification and segmentation towards medical diagnosis.

Objective: Our aim in this paper is to evaluate different types of pixel selection models in terms of pixel originality in medical image reconstruction problems. A previous investigation showed that selecting far original pixels has highly better performance than using near unoriginal/estimated pixels while magnifying some benchmarks in digital image processing.

Exploring Two Methods of CBV Estimation in Two Groups of Grade III Gliomas with Different Appearance on Post-Contrast T1 Images.

Background: Many studies have used Cerebral Blood Volume (CBV) for gliomas grading and there has been in good agreement between CBV and tumor grade. Almost all of those studies have emphasized the importance of leakage correction due to the underestimation/overestimation of CBV caused by T1/T2* leakage effect in enhanced cases of tumors, especially high grade ones.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate two methods of CBV estimation in two groups of gliomas with the same grade and different appearance on post contrast T1 images (Enhanced vs.

Sex-specific differences in rim appearance of multiple sclerosis lesions on quantitative susceptibility mapping.

Background: Susceptibility MRI techniques, such as phase and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) reveal lesion heterogeneity in MS, including the presence of lesions with outer rims suggestive of iron accumulation in macrophages and microglia, indicative of chronic-active inflammatory white matter lesions (WMLs).

Objective: To evaluate the in vivo relationship between chronic-active WMLs (as visualized by rimmed lesions on QSM) and several clinical metrics.

Methods: 39 patients (15 men, 24 women) with MS underwent 7 Tesla brain MRIs and clinical evaluation.

Impaired Autophagy Flux is Associated with Proinflammatory Microglia Activation Following Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection.

Role of autophagy in Japanese encephalitis viral (JEV) infection is not well known. In the present study, we reported the role of autophagy flux in microglia activation, neurobehavioral function and neuronal death using a mouse model of JEV. Markers for autophagy (LC3-II/I, SQSTM1/P62, phos-Akt, phos-AMPK), and neuronal death (cleaved caspase 12, H2Ax, polyubiquitin) were investigated by western blot at 1, 3 and 7 days post inoculation.

Gold Nanorods as an Efficient Substrate for the Detection and Degradation of Pesticides.

The rapid, ultralow detection, degradation, and complete removal of pesticides demand the design of potential substrates. Herein, we discussed gold nanorods (Au NRs) as the potential substrate for the naked eye detection and degradation of two common and broad-spectrum pesticides, chlorpyrifos (CPF) and malathion (MLT), up to 0.15 ppt concentration within 2 min.

Neurolathyrism in goat (Capra hircus) kid: Model development.

The present study was undertaken to develop an animal model to study neurolathyrism. For this purpose 24 goat (Capra hircus) kids (new born, 15 days old) were divided into four groups. Group I Control, Group II Low toxin (0.

Potent HCV NS3 Protease Inhibition by a Water-Soluble Phyllanthin Congener.

NS3/4A protease of hepatitis C virus (HCV) plays an important role in viral RNA replication. A 1,4-diphenylbutanedicarboxylic acid derivative, namely, phyllanthin, extracted from the leaf of a herbal plant, inhibits HCV NS3/4A protease and replication activities. However, the reduced aqueous solubility, high toxicity, and poor oral bioavailability are major impediments with phyllanthin.

Directed Self-Organization Ensured Enhancement of Charge Carrier Mobilities in a Star-Shaped Organic Semiconductor.

Controlled self-organization of organic semiconductor molecules into specifically desired architectures on substrates of interest is one of the most imperative challenges faced in the fabrication of high-performance organic electronic devices. Herein, we report the self-organization of a star-shaped molecule FDT-8 into a highly favored structure, namely, a vertical stack. Thermal annealing of films of FDT-8 deposited on PEDOT: PSS coated ITO substrates was observed to assist the organization of the molecules into columnar stacks.

Cognitive reserve is a determinant of social and occupational attainment in patients with pediatric and adult onset multiple sclerosis.

Background: There is limited information on socio-professional attainment in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) compared with adult-onset MS (AOMS).

Objectives: To assess socio-professional outcomes in POMS and AOMS and variables influencing these outcomes.

Methods: One-hundred-fifteen AOMS and 111 POMS patients underwent neuropsychological testing (Brief Repeatable Battery, Stroop test), assessment of cognitive reserve (CR) (education, National Adult reading Test -NART, Barratt Simplified Measure of Social Status), fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale), depression (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale), socio-professional performance (Work and Social Adjustment Scale -WSAS).

Identification of the most relevant intervertebral effort indicators during gait of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.

The intervertebral efforts, i.e., forces and torques, during gait have been recognized as influencing the progression of scoliosis, due to the mechanical modulations according to the Hueter-Volkmann Law.

Practicing Mass Casualty Scenarios: Experience From a Developing Level 1 Trauma Center in the Himalayan Foothills.

Objective: Uttarakhand is an Indian state in the Himalayan foothills, a favored adventure destination in the country due to abundant natural beauty. However, the terrain has also conferred an increased risk of earthquakes, flash floods, and major road tragedies, resulting in as many as 8 major natural disasters in the state in the preceding 20 years. AIIMS Rishikesh, an autonomous central institute, has been entrusted to build a Level 1 Trauma Center in Uttarakhand, which would help improve the response, coordination, and hence outcome in mass casualty scenarios (MCSs).

Comparative Evaluation of Triphala, , and Chlorhexidine Mouthwash on Gingivitis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of two herbal mouthwashes in comparison with Chlorhexidine mouthwash on gingivitis.

Materials And Methods: This is a triple-blind randomized controlled clinical trial, where in 60 patients were randomly allocated into three study groups: Triphala mouthwash (Group A), mouthwash (Group B), and Chlorhexidine mouthwash (Group C). All groups were treated with scaling and asked to rinse with respective mouthwashes twice daily for 1 month.

Insights into structures of imidazo oxazines as potent polyketide synthase XIII inhibitors using molecular modeling techniques.

Tuberculosis, a major global health concern, and its drug development toward the disease are too devastating to meet the clinical demands. The present work emphasizes a detailed QSAR study using QSARINS which developed descriptors favoring an excellent model equation. The best model equation generated has four variables namely AlogP, ATSc4, mindssC, and MDEC23 with statistical values  = 0.

Extraction of Graphene Nanostructures from Colocasia esculenta and Nelumbo nucifera Leaves and Surface Functionalization with Tin Oxide: Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Properties.

Expeditious evolution of antimicrobial resistance in recent years has been identified as a growing concern by various health organizations around the world. Herein, facile and environmentally benign production of highly antibacterial carbonaceous nanomaterials from Colocasia esculenta and Nelumbo nucifera leaves is reported. After carbonization and oxidative treatment, smaller graphene domains are formed in Colocasia esculenta derivatives, whereas larger sheetlike structures are observed in the case of Nelumbo nucifera.

An in-silico approach: identification of PPAR-γ agonists from seaweeds for the management of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's Disease is a complex progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in various parts of the brain particularly cerebral cortex affecting memory and cognition. Nuclear receptors such as Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ [PPAR-γ] is reported to have a role in lipid and glucose homeostasis in the brain, reduces the synthesis of Aβ (beta-amyloid plaques) and also regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibit the neuro-inflammation, which contributes for the improvement in the cognitive function in AD. Hence PPAR-γ is one of the newer targets for the researchers to understand the pathology of AD and to evolve the novel strategy to retard/reverse the progression of AD.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Property of Doxorubicin-Loaded Gadolinium/13X Zeolite/Folic Acid Nanocomposite.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using nanostructures has been a proper method for tumor targeting purposes. Different MRI nanomaterials, targeting agents and anticancer drugs have been used for targeting of tumors.

Objectives: This study aims to consider the MRI property of doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded gadolinium/13X zeolite/folic acid (Gd/13X/FA) nanocomposite.

Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Modulates Electrical Behavior of the Neurons: Design and Implementation of a Model.

Background: Recently, ultrasonic neuromodulation research has been an important and interesting issue. Ultrasonic neuromodulation is possible by the use of low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) to stimulate or inhibit the neural structures. The primary capability of this method is the improvement in the treatment progress of certain neurological and psychiatric disorders noninvasively.

Proof of Concept of Scalable Integration of Internet of Things and Blockchain in Healthcare.

The advent of Internet of Things (IoT) brought innovation along with unprecedented benefits of convenience and efficacy in many operations that were otherwise very cumbersome. This innovation explosion has surfaced a new dimension of vulnerability and physical threat to the data integrity of IoT networks. Implementing conventional cryptographic algorithms on IoT devices is not future-proof as these devices are constrained in terms of computational power, performance, and memory.

Bioactive and thermostable sulphated polysaccharide from Sargassum swartzii with drug delivery applications.

Sulphated Polysaccharides (SP) were extracted from a brown seaweed Sargassum swartzii by two extraction methods using hydrochloric acid and hot water. The sulphated polysaccharide yield using the hot water extraction method was found to be higher and hence used for further study. The extracted polysaccharide was characterized using UV, FT-IR, biochemical and thin layer chromatography analyses.

Variable reactivity of Rh D antigen and its serological characterization.

: Variation in the reactivity on Rh D typing may pose challenges in interpretation and ambiguity in further patient management.: A prospective study was conducted in the department of transfusion medicine for a period of 18 months. Blood grouping was performed by fully automated equipment employing column agglutination technique.

Nitrogen Incorporated Photoactive Brownmillerite CaFeO for Energy and Environmental Applications.

CaFeO (CFO) is a potentially viable material for alternate energy applications. Incorporation of nitrogen in CaFeO (CFO-N) lattice modifies the optical and electronic properties to its advantage. Here, the electronic band structures of CFO and CFO-N were probed using Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and UV-Visible spectroscopy.

Risk of schizophrenia in relatives of individuals affected by schizophrenia: A meta-analysis.

A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate schizophrenia incidence in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of probands diagnosed with schizophrenia. The aim was to inform future schizophrenia research and improve accuracy of risk communication to patients. Schizophrenia risk in FDRs with 1 or 2 probands with schizophrenia was investigated by conducting a systematic review of cohort and case-control studies with the following criteria: published between 1977 and 2018; reported odds ratios (OR), relative risk (RR) or sufficient raw data to calculate OR or RR; used appropriate diagnostic criteria; and reported systematic proband recruitment and ascertainment of relatives.

A stability-indicating LC-MS/MS method optimization for Pemetrexed through design of experiments: Identification and characterization of major oxidative degradation product.

A stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography method for Pemetrexed bulk was developed and validated as per the ICH guidelines by employing design of experiments methodology equipped with Box-Behnken design. The separation of Pemetrexed and its oxidative degradation product was achieved in isocratic elution mode with Zorbax C column (150 mm x 4.6 mm x5 μm) using 10 mM ammonium acetate (pH 4.

Emergency Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccines A Malaysia 97 and A Iraq 64 Offer Good Protection against Heterologous Challenge with A Variant Serotype A ASIA/G-IX/SEA-97 Lineage Virus.

The continuous emergence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype A variants in South East Asia is of concern for international FMDV antigen banks, especially when in vitro tests predict a low antigenic match. A vaccination-challenge study was performed by using two emergency FMDV vaccines with A Iraq 64 (A22 IRQ) and A Malaysia 97 (A MAY 97) strains, against challenge with a variant strain of FMDV A/Asia/G-IX/SEA-97 lineage at 7- and 21-day post-vaccination (dpv). At 7 dpv, three of five female calves vaccinated with A MAY 97 and four of five vaccinated with A22 IRQ did not show lesions on the feet and were considered protected, while at 21 dpv all five calves were protected with each vaccine, indicating equal efficacy of both vaccine strains.