The effect of high-intensity interval training on cognitive function in patients with substance use disorder: Study protocol for a two-armed randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Substance use disorder (SUD) is characterized by cognitive impairment, especially executive dysfunction. Executive function is recognized as an important determinant of treatment outcome as it is associated with dropout rate, attendance to therapy and potential relapse after treatment termination. Physical activity can have beneficial effects on cognitive function, but there is still a lack of knowledge regarding potential benefits of aerobic exercise for executive function in SUD treatment.

Cardiopulmonary and muscular effects of different doses of high-intensity physical training in substance use disorder patients: study protocol for a block allocated controlled endurance and strength training trial in an inpatient setting.

Introduction: Patients with substance use disorder (SUD) have high prevalence of lifestyle-related comorbidities. Physical exercise is known to yield substantial prophylactic impact on disease and premature mortality, and there seems to be an inverse association between physical fitness and adverse health outcomes. High-intensity training is regarded as most effective for improving physical fitness, but less is known concerning the ideal training dose necessary to achieve clinically relevant effects in these patients.

Predicting VO2peak from Submaximal- and Peak Exercise Models: The HUNT 3 Fitness Study, Norway.

Purpose: Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) is seldom assessed in health care settings although being inversely linked to cardiovascular risk and all-cause mortality. The aim of this study was to develop VO2peak prediction models for men and women based on directly measured VO2peak from a large healthy population.

Methods: VO2peak prediction models based on submaximal- and peak performance treadmill work were derived from multiple regression analysis.

Cardio-respiratory reference data in 4631 healthy men and women 20-90 years: the HUNT 3 fitness study.

Purpose: To provide a large reference material on key cardio-respiratory variables in a healthy population of Norwegian men and women aged 20-90 years.

Methods: Sub maximal and peak levels of cardio-respiratory variables were measured using cardiopulmonary exercise testing during treadmill running.

Results: The highest peak ventilation among men (141.

Aerobic capacity reference data in 3816 healthy men and women 20-90 years.

Purpose: To provide a large reference material on aerobic fitness and exercise physiology data in a healthy population of Norwegian men and women aged 20-90 years.

Methods: Maximal and sub maximal levels of VO2, heart rate, oxygen pulse, and rating of perceived exertion (Borg scale: 6-20) were measured in 1929 men and 1881 women during treadmill running.

Results: The highest VO2max and maximal heart rate among men and women were observed in the youngest age group (20-29 years) and was 54.

Clinical course of chronic periodontitis: effect of lifelong light smoking (20 years) on loss of attachment and teeth.

Aim: To examine the lifelong effect of light smoking on periodontal health.

Methods: The data were derived from a 20-year longitudinal study of a group of Norwegian, middle-class males. The patients were subset according to their smoking history.

Maximal strength training improves walking performance in peripheral arterial disease patients.

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients have reduced muscle strength and impaired walking ability. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of maximal strength training (MST) on walking economy and walking performance in PAD patients. Ten patients with mild to moderate-severe claudication, classified as Fontaine stage II PAD and with functional limitations from intermittent claudication were recruited and went through an 8-week control period followed by an 8-week, three times a week, MST period.

Gingivitis as a risk factor in periodontal disease.

Background: Dental plaque has been proven to initiate and promote gingival inflammation. Histologically, various stages of gingivitis may be characterized prior to progression of a lesion to periodontitis. Clinically, gingivitis is well recognized.

The clinical course of chronic periodontitis: V. Predictive factors in periodontal disease.

Background: The factors associated with initial periodontitis are not well understood and cannot be identified by cross-sectional studies.

Aim: To identify the factors associated with the initiation of chronic periodontitis using ante-dependence modelling.

Material And Methods: A 26-year longitudinal study of the natural history of periodontitis served as the basis for the study.

Plantar flexion: an effective training for peripheral arterial disease.

This study examined whether a training intervention likely to elicit adaptations in the leg could result in reduced leg pain and increased whole body physical capacity. Twenty-seven peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients were randomized to either an individual leg plantar flexion training group (TG) training 4 x 4 min intervals at 80% of maximal work rate three times per week for 8 weeks or a control group. The TG significantly increased plantar flexion peak oxygen uptake and power output by 23.

The natural history of periodontal disease in humans: risk factors for tooth loss in caries-free subjects receiving no oral health care.

Aim: No long-term studies have reported on risk factors for tooth loss in subjects without home or professional dental care. The purpose of this report is to identify potential risk factors for tooth loss among male Sri Lankan tea labourers who participated in a 20-year investigation of the natural history of periodontal disease.

Material And Methods: Data for this report were obtained from the 455 subjects who participated in multiple examinations over the 20-year period from 1970 to 1990.

The clinical course of chronic periodontitis.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term influence of gingival inflammation on tooth loss.

Material And Methods: The data originated from a 26-year longitudinal study of Norwegian males, who practiced adequate daily oral home care and received "state-of-the-art" dental care. The initial examination in 1969 included 565 individuals aged between 16 and 34 years.

Clinical course of chronic periodontitis. III. Patterns, variations and risks of attachment loss.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of attachment loss during various stages of adult life in a well-maintained middle-class population.

Material And Methods: The data originated from a 26-year longitudinal study of Norwegian males who had received regular and adequate dental care and practised daily oral home care. The initial examination in 1969 included 565 individuals aged between 16 and 34 years.

Clinical course of chronic periodontitis. II. Incidence, characteristics and time of occurrence of the initial periodontal lesion.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the initiation and progression of periodontal disease during adult life.

Materials And Methods: In a 26-year longitudinal investigation of the initiation and progression of chronic periodontitis that started in 1969 and included 565 men of Norwegian middle class, 223 who had participated in some, but not all, intermediate examinations presented at the last survey in 1995. Fifty-four individuals were available for examination in all seven surveys.

Clinical course of chronic periodontitis. I. Role of gingivitis.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of long-standing gingival inflammation on periodontal attachment loss. On the basis of repeated examinations, the present report describes the influence of gingival inflammation on the initiation of periodontitis from 16 to 59 years of age.

Material And Methods: The data originated from a 26-year longitudinal study of Norwegian males, who practiced daily oral home care and received state-of-the-art dental care.

The natural history of periodontal disease in man. Risk factors for progression of attachment loss in individuals receiving no oral health care.

Background: Few investigations have reported on risk factors for periodontal attachment loss over time in subjects with no home or professional dental care. The purpose of this report was to identify potential risk factors for progression of periodontal attachment loss among male Sri Lankan tea laborers who participated in a 20-year investigation of the natural history of periodontal disease.

Methods: Data for this report were obtained from the 154 subjects who participated in the 1970 baseline and the final 1990 examinations and included data from their interim examinations performed in 1971, 1973, 1977, 1982, and 1985.

The influence of margins of restorations of the periodontal tissues over 26 years.

Aim: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the long-term relationship between dental restorations and periodontal health.

Material And Methods: The data derived from a 26-year longitudinal study of a group of Scandinavian middle-class males characterized by good to moderate oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups. At each of 7 examinations between 1969 and 1995, the mesial and buccal surfaces were scored for dental, restorative and periodontal parameters.

Oral hygiene in the prevention of caries and periodontal disease.

While some periodontal disease may be as old as mankind itself, caries as a public health problem appeared with the development of flour and sugar mills, and the universal access to fermentable carbohydrates. As a consequence, during the last 500 years caries and periodontal disease have been the most common diseases afflicting the human mouth. Together, these two diseases have been responsible for untold pain and suffering, and for excessive destruction and loss of people's teeth.

Public health workforce information: a state-level study.

A two-stage sample survey was used to estimate the size of Texas' professional public health workforce and to describe its composition in terms of employment settings, job characteristics, and individual characteristics. The estimated 17,700 public health professionals employed in 1995 represented approximately three percent of the state's total health workforce. About 55 percent of all these professionals worked in agencies that provide population-based public health services.

The informativeness of attachment loss on tooth mortality.

Background: In periodontal clinical trials, clinical attachment level measurements are commonly used as surrogates for tooth loss. Conclusions regarding treatment efficacy in these trials are valid if: 1) the surrogate is informative on tooth loss, and 2) the surrogate captures the effect of treatment on tooth loss. The goal of this study was to evaluate the first criterion: Are serial clinical attachment loss measurements informative on overall tooth mortality?

Methods: Young Norwegian men (aged 17 to 35) were first examined in 1969 (n=565) and followed for 26 years with examinations in 1971 (n=381), 1973 (n=292), 1975 (n=245), 1981 (n=228), 1988 (n=202), and 1995 (n=223).

Forty-five-year tooth survival probabilities among men in Oslo, Norway.

Changes in tooth survival probabilities over a person's lifetime have remained largely unexplored. The goal of this study was to evaluate changes in the 45-year tooth survival probabilities in a cohort of 565 Norwegian males who were examined in 1969 as young adults, and followed up into mid-life (examination years and sample sizes (n): 1971 (n = 381), 1973 (n = 292), 1975 (n = 245), 1981 (n = 228), 1988 (n = 202), and 1995 (n = 223). The results indicated that the tooth survival probabilities varied considerably both (i) among teeth within individuals, and (ii) over time.

Gingival inflammation and subgingival calculus as determinants of disease progression in early-onset periodontitis.

This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that gingival inflammation and dental calculus are important determinants of the development and progression of early-onset periodontitis. The study sample included 156 individuals who were 13-20 years old at baseline and who were examined 2x during 6 years to assess the attachment loss, gingival state and the presence of dental calculus. 33 (21%), 62 (40%), and 61 (39%) individuals were classified as having localized, generalized, or incidental EOP, respectively.

Periodontal diseases in the United States population.

Recent epidemiologic surveys and studies have provided important information on the prevalence, extent, and severity of periodontal diseases in the United States. Over 50% of adults had gingivitis on an average of 3 to 4 teeth. Subgingival calculus was present in 67% of the population.