Optimizing treatment outcomes in acute-on-chronic liver failure: The role of T2candida panel in detecting invasive candidiasis.

Introduction: Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure(ACLF) is a syndrome characterized by organ dysfunction and high mortality in cirrhotic patients. ACLF has multiple triggers but those precipitated by fungal infection have higher mortality. Early detection and treatment of candidemia have shown mortality benefits in ACLF.

A Rare Case of -Associated Diarrhea in a Cirrhotic Patient.

While rare, cases of community-acquired () enterocolitis have been reported and are associated with recent antibiotic use and immunocompromised hosts. Here we present a 29-year-old immunocompetent female with newly diagnosed alcoholic cirrhosis that presents with bloody diarrhea and was found to have in her stool culture. This case is unique as our patient does not have a history of recent antibiotic use or prior history of immunosuppression.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Their Hepatic-Related Side Effects: A Review.

Primary liver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most prevalent type of liver cancer. The prognosis of patients with advanced, unresectable HCC has historically been poor. However, with the emergence of immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), there is reason for optimism.

Are we underestimating stormwater? Stormwater as a significant source of microplastics in surface waters.

Stormwater represent a critical pathway for transporting microplastics (MPs) to surface waters. Due to complex dynamics of MPs in stormwater, its dispersion, weathering, risk, and transport are poorly understood. This review bridges those gaps by summarizing the latest findings on sources, abundance, characteristics, and dynamics involved in stormwater MP pollution.

Mystery in the mediastinum: Rare case of indolent primary thoracic amyloids.

A 53-year-old African American male smoker presented with epigastric pain, tarry stools, and laboratory results indicative of acute pancreatitis. Chest X-ray showed a right perihilar mass with pleural effusion. Computed tomography scan showed multiple large right paratracheal and hilar nodes with internal calcification.

Pathologic upgrading in favorable intermediate risk active surveillance patients: Clinical heterogeneity and implications for active surveillance decision.

Introduction: Current guidelines support active surveillance (AS) for select patients with favorable intermediate risk (FIR) prostate cancer (CaP). A significant proportion of FIR CaP patients undergoing surgical treatment are found to have evidence of adverse pathology. Our objective was to determine the incidence and predictors of pathologic upgrading in FIR AS patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.

Influence of Sociodemographic Factors on Definitive Intervention Among Low-risk Active Surveillance Patients.

Objectives: To investigate sociodemographic factors influencing decision of initially active surveillance (AS) prostate cancer (CaP) patients to opt for definitive therapy, and, specifically, choice of radical prostatectomy (RP) versus radiation therapy (XRT).

Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Prostate with Watchful Waiting database was used to identify AS patients diagnosed with NCCN low-risk CaP between 2010 and 2015. We sought to determine predictors of treatment type using multivariable logistic regression analyses.

Upgrading on radical prostatectomy specimens of very low- and low-risk prostate cancer patients on active surveillance: A population-level analysis.

Introduction: A proportion of prostate cancer (PCa) patients initially managed with active surveillance (AS) are upgraded to a higher Gleason score (GS) at the time of radical prostatectomy (RP). Our objective was to determine predictors of upgrading on RP specimens using a national database.

Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Prostate with Watchful Waiting database was used to identify AS patients diagnosed with very low- or low-risk PCa who underwent delayed RP between 2010 and 2015.

Is there an association between a history of military service and cancer diagnosis? Results from a US national-level study of self-reported outcomes.

Purpose: To examine cancer prevalence in men with and without military service history, using national-level self-reported outcomes.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey-based US study, including men aged 18 and above from the Health Information National Trends Survey database between 2011 and 2014. The primary endpoint was self-reported cancer prevalence.

The association between physician trust and smoking cessation: Implications for motivational interviewing.

Although the relationship between cigarette smoking and increased risk of malignancy has been well established, smoking remains a major public health threat in the United States. Therefore, we examined the relationship between a person's level of trust in cancer information from their physician and the likelihood of quitting smoking in order to better understand the doctor-patient relationship in the context of smoking cessation. The Health Information Nation Trends Survey (2011-2015) was used to identify smokers (n = 2186).

MYC deregulates TET1 and TET2 expression to control global DNA (hydroxy)methylation and gene expression to maintain a neoplastic phenotype in T-ALL.

Background: While aberrant DNA methylation is a characteristic feature of tumor cells, our knowledge of how these DNA methylation patterns are established and maintained is limited. DNA methyltransferases and ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenases (TETs) function has been found altered in a variety of cancer types.

Results: Here, we report that in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) the MYC oncogene controls the expression of TET1 and TET2 to maintain 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) patterns, which is associated with tumor cell-specific gene expression.

Targeting the MYC Oncogene in Burkitt Lymphoma through HSP90 Inhibition.

Overexpression of the MYC oncogene is a key feature of many human malignancies including Burkitt lymphoma. While MYC is widely regarded to be a promising therapeutic target, a clinically effective MYC inhibitor is still elusive. Here, we report an alternative strategy, targeting MYC indirectly through inhibition of the HSP90 machinery.

DNMT3B overexpression contributes to aberrant DNA methylation and MYC-driven tumor maintenance in T-ALL and Burkitt's lymphoma.

Aberrant DNA methylation is a hallmark of cancer. However, our understanding of how tumor cell-specific DNA methylation patterns are established and maintained is limited. Here, we report that in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and Burkitt's lymphoma the oncogene causes overexpression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 and 3B, which contributes to tumor maintenance.

Global Urine Metabolomics in Patients Treated with First-Line Tuberculosis Drugs and Identification of a Novel Metabolite of Ethambutol.

Population level variation of drug metabolism phenotype (DMP) has great implications in treatment outcome, drug-related side effects, and resistance development. In this study, we used a gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS)-based untargeted urine metabolomics approach to understand the DMP of a tuberculosis (TB) patient cohort (n= 20) from Tripura, a state in the northeastern part of India. Urine samples collected at different postdose time points (2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h) from these newly diagnosed TB patients receiving first-line anti-TB drugs were analyzed, and we have successfully detected three of the four first-line drugs,viz, isoniazid (INH), ethambutol (ETB), and pyrazinamide (PZA).