Could the R2C2 Feedback and Coaching Model Enhance Feedback Literacy Behaviors: A Qualitative Study Exploring Learner-Preceptor Feedback Conversations.

Introduction: Feedback literacy (FBL) is a critical skill for learners encompassing four behaviors: appreciating feedback, making judgements, managing affect, and taking action. Little guidance has been available for clinical preceptors to promote FBL. The R2C2 feedback and coaching model that guides teachers through building Relationships, exploring Reactions and Reflections, discussing Content and Coaching to co-develop an action plan for follow-up may support FBL.

Selective optogenetic inhibition of Gα or Gα signaling by minimal RGS domains disrupts circuit functionality and circuit formation.

Optogenetic techniques provide genetically targeted, spatially and temporally precise approaches to correlate cellular activities and physiological outcomes. In the nervous system, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have essential neuromodulatory functions through binding extracellular ligands to induce intracellular signaling cascades. In this work, we develop and validate an optogenetic tool that disrupts Gα signaling through membrane recruitment of a minimal regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain.

Application of the R2C2 Model to In-the-Moment Feedback and Coaching.

Purpose: The R2C2 (relationship, reaction, content, coaching) model is an iterative, evidence-based, theory-informed approach to feedback and coaching that enables preceptors and learners to build relationships, explore reactions and reflections, confirm content, and coach for change and cocreate an action plan. This study explored application of the R2C2 model for in-the-moment feedback conversations between preceptors and learners and the factors that influence its use.

Method: A qualitative study using framework analysis through the lens of experiential learning was undertaken with 15 trained preceptor-learner dyads.

Family Physician Quality Improvement Plans: A Realist Inquiry Into What Works, for Whom, Under What Circumstances.

Introduction: Evaluation of quality improvement programs shows variable impact on physician performance often neglecting to examine how implementation varies across contexts and mechanisms that affect uptake. Realist evaluation enables the generation, refinement, and testing theories of change by unpacking what works for whom under what circumstances and why. This study used realist methods to explore relationships between outcomes, mechanisms (resources and reasoning), and context factors of a national multisource feedback (MSF) program.

Optogenetic inhibition of Gα signalling alters and regulates circuit functionality and early circuit formation.

Optogenetic techniques provide genetically targeted, spatially and temporally precise approaches to correlate cellular activities and physiological outcomes. In the nervous system, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have essential neuromodulatory functions through binding extracellular ligands to induce intracellular signaling cascades. In this work, we develop and validate a new optogenetic tool that disrupt Gα signaling through membrane recruitment of a minimal Regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) domain.

Salivary gland tumours: an epidemiological review of non-neoplastic and neoplastic pathology.

Salivary gland tumours (SGT) demonstrate geographical variation. The primary objective of this study was to determine the types, frequency, distribution, and demographics of non-neoplastic and neoplastic salivary gland pathology at Waikato Hospital, New Zealand (NZ) over a 10-year period. Following this we conducted a 10-year retrospective review of SGT epidemiology from international literature.

Exploring the development of interprofessional competence and professional identity: A Situated Learning Theory study.

Workplace-based learning provides medical students exposure to interprofessional competencies through repeated exposures and active participation in interprofessional learning activities. Using Situated Learning Theory as our theoretical lens, we explored with medical students how interacting with existing interprofessional teams contributes to development of an expanded health care professional identity. An embedded mixed methods study using semi-structured interviews and questionnaires to assess readiness for interprofessional learning was conducted with 14 medical students completing an elective at an interprofessional pain medicine clinic.

Multisource feedback: an overview of its use and application as a formative assessment.

Multisource feedback (MSF), often termed 360-degree feedback, is a formative performance assessment in which data about an individual's observable workplace behaviors are collected through questionnaires from those interacting with the individual; data are aggregated for anonymity and confidentiality; the aggregated data, along with self-assessment if available, are provided to the individual; and the recipient meets with a trusted individual to review the data and develop an action plan. It is used along the continuum of medical education. This article provides an overview of MSF's utility, its evidence base and cautions.

Validation of the Dutch translation of the quality of recovery-15 scale.

Background: The 15-item Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) scale is strongly recommended as a standard patient-reported outcome measure assessing the quality of recovery after surgery and anesthesia in the postoperative period. This study aimed to validate the Dutch translation of the questionnaire (QoR-15NL).

Materials And Methods: An observational, prospective, single-centre cohort study was conducted.

Queen Bees: How Is Female Managers' Happiness Determined?

This paper aims to study the determinants of subjective happiness among working females with a focus on female managers. Drawn on a large social survey data set ( = 10470) in China, this paper constructs gender development index at sub-national levels to study how institutional settings are related to female managers' happiness. We find that female managers report higher levels of happiness than non-managerial employees.

Only When They Seek: Exploring Supervisor and Resident Perspectives and Positions on Upward Feedback.

Introduction: Verbal feedback from trainees to supervisors is rare in medical education, although valuable for improvement in teaching skills. Research has mostly examined narrative comments on resident evaluations of their supervisors. This study aimed to explore supervisors' and residents' beliefs and experiences with upward feedback, along with recommendations to initiate and facilitate effective conversations.

Guiding, Intermediating, Facilitating, and Teaching (GIFT): A Conceptual Framework for Simulation Educator Roles in Healthcare Debriefing.

Introduction: Use of frameworks for simulation debriefing represents best practice, although available frameworks provide only general guidance. Debriefers may experience difficulties implementing broad recommendations, especially in challenging debriefing situations that require more specific strategies. This study describes how debriefers approach challenges in postsimulation debriefing.

Approaches to interpersonal conflict in simulation debriefings: A qualitative study.

Context: Conflict during simulation debriefing can interfere with learning when psychological safety is threatened. Debriefers often feel unprepared to address conflict between learners and the literature does not provide evidence-based guidance within the simulation setting. The purpose of this study was to describe debriefers' approach to mediating interpersonal conflict and explore when, why and how they adopt mediation strategies.

Physician engagement in regularly scheduled rounds.

Background: Physician participation in regularly scheduled series (RSS), also known as grand rounds, was explored with a particular focus on physician perceptions about the elements that affected their engagement in RSS and the unanticipated benefits to RSS.

Methods: A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis examined physicians' perception of their knowledge and educational needs and the factors that contributed to engagement in their local hospital RSS.

Results: Physician engagement in RSS was affected by four major themes: in RSS.

Poacher-population dynamics when legal trade of naturally deceased organisms funds anti-poaching enforcement.

Can a regulated, legal market for wildlife products protect species threatened by poaching? It is one of the most controversial ideas in biodiversity conservation. Perhaps the most convincing reason for legalizing wildlife trade is that trade revenue could fund the protection and conservation of poached species. In this paper, we examine the possible poacher-population dynamic consequences of legal trade funding conservation.

Cystic fibrosis liver disease in Newfoundland and Labrador: a prevalence study.

Background: Liver disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is an understudied and increasingly common concern. The prevalence of cystic fibrosis liver disease (CFLD) in Canada has not been clearly established, although it is now the third leading cause of death among patients with CF. The current literature identifies a range in prevalence from 4% to 65%, which implies the need for further research.

Better to Have Loved and Lost? Human Avoidant Attachment Style Towards Dogs Predicts Group Membership as 'Forever Owner' or 'Foster Carer'.

Important physiological, performance, and relationship differences have been reported between companion and working dogs. This study aimed to investigate how human attachment styles manifest towards dogs, depending on the dog's role. Seeing Eye Dog (SED) carer ( = 25) and Companion Dog Owner (CDO) ( = 78) avoidant and anxious attachment scores towards the dog in their care were compared.

Exploring Well Water Testing Behaviour Through the Health Belief Model.

Health problems can arise from consuming contaminated well water. Well water testing can help prevent negative health outcomes associated with consuming contaminated water. The aim of this study was to understand the factors influencing well owner decisions to conduct water testing through the theoretical lens of the Health Belief Model.

In Our Own Time: Medical Students' Informal Social Studying and Learning.

Social studying and learning (SSL) is any independent, elective, self-directed and self-organized approach to learning that involves students working with their peers for the purposes of study, learning, or revision. While in-class collaborative learning has been relatively well-explored, very little is known about how medical students engage in informal SSL or about the impacts it can have. The purpose of this study was to explore medical students' practices and perceptions regarding SSL, and the ways in which this shaped their overall learning experiences.

An Examination of Self-Reported Assessment Activities Documented by Specialist Physicians for Maintenance of Certification.

Introduction: Specialists in a Maintenance of Certification program are required to participate in assessment activities, such as chart audit, simulation, knowledge assessment, and multisource feedback. This study examined data from five different specialties to identify variation in participation in assessment activities, examine differences in the learning stimulated by assessment, assess the frequency and type of planned changes, and assess the association between learning, discussion, and planned changes.

Methods: E-portfolio data were categorized and analyzed descriptively.

In-the-Moment Feedback and Coaching: Improving R2C2 for a New Context.

Background: The R2C2, a 4-phase feedback and coaching model, builds relationships, explores reactions, determines content and coaches for change, and facilitates formal feedback conversations between clinical supervisors/preceptors and residents. Formal discussions about performance are typically based on collated information from daily encounter sheets, objective structured clinical examinations, multisource feedback, and other data. This model has not been studied in settings where brief feedback and coaching conversations occur immediately after a specific clinical experience.

Tobacco pack display at hospitality venues after the introduction of standardised tobacco packaging in New Zealand: a field observation study.

Objectives: In March 2018, New Zealand (NZ) introduced standardised tobacco packaging that also featured new pictorial warnings, with implementation completed by early June 2018. We evaluated how the new packaging affected tobacco pack displays in outdoor areas of hospitality venues.

Design: Before-and-after descriptive field observation study.

Factors Affecting Recovery Trajectories in Pediatric Female Concussion.

Objective: Up to one-third of children with concussion have persistent postconcussion symptoms lasting beyond 4 weeks. Females have been shown to have prolonged concussion recovery compared with males. This study examined characteristics in pediatric athletes with concussion to investigate the underlying factors that may contribute to this difference and their relation to recovery trajectories in females compared with males.

Picking the Right Tool for the Job: A Reliability Study of 4 Assessment Tools for Central Venous Catheter Insertion.

Background: Determining procedural competence requires psychometrically sound assessment tools. A variety of instruments are available to determine procedural performance for central venous catheter (CVC) insertion, but it is not clear which ones should be used in the context of competency-based medical education.

Objective: We compared several commonly used instruments to determine which should be preferentially used to assess competence in CVC insertion.