Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococci and mammaliicocci in the bulk tank milk of dairy cows from a livestock-dense area in northern Italy.

Staphylococcus aureus is the main etiologic agent of contagious dairy cow mastitis, while non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) are the bacteria most frequently isolated from milk. Beyond their impact on animal health, NASM can harbor antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes with potential for bidirectional transfer with S. aureus, and methicillin-resistant (MR) staphylococci (MRS) can raise significant One Health concerns.

Magnetic resonance imaging-based machine learning classification of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis.

Background: Recent advances in multivariate pattern recognition have fostered the search for reliable neuroimaging-based biomarkers in psychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia. These approaches consider the complex pattern of alterations in brain function and structure, overcoming the limitations of traditional univariate methods. To assess the reliability of neuroimaging-based biomarkers and the contribution of study characteristics in distinguishing individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) from healthy controls (HCs), we conducted a systematic review of the studies that used multivariate pattern recognition for this objective.

An update on non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci in cow milk: unveiling the presence of Staphylococcus borealis and Staphylococcus rostri by MALDI-TOF MS.

Non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) are the microorganisms most frequently isolated from milk. Given their numerosity and complexity, MALDI-TOF MS is one of the preferred species identification approaches. Nevertheless, reference mass spectra for the novel species Staphylococcus borealis were included only recently in the Bruker Biotyper System (MBT) library, and other species of veterinary interest such as S.

Pathogen group-specific risk factors for intramammary infection in water buffalo.

A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of intramammary infection (IMI) associated bacteria and to identify risk factors for pathogen group-specific IMI in water buffalo in Bangladesh. A California Mastitis Test (CMT) and bacteriological cultures were performed on 1,374 quarter milk samples collected from 763 water buffalo from 244 buffalo farms in nine districts in Bangladesh. Quarter, buffalo, and farm-related data were obtained through questionnaires and visual observations.

Non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci isolated from bovine milk in Italian dairy farms: a retrospective investigation.

Non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) are associated with bovine mastitis and increased milk somatic cell count (SCC) but their relationships with mammary gland health at the species level are not clearly defined. Regional differences have also been reported in their specific prevalence. The implementation of MALDI-TOF MS in milk microbiology is generating large and dependable datasets with the potential of providing useful epidemiological information.

gene sequence analysis can prevent misidentification of coagulase-negative strains and contribute to their control in dairy cow herds.

Accurate and precise differentiation of staphylococci isolated from milk is of importance for udder health management. In particular, the rapid and specific identification of plays an essential role in the prevention and treatment programs for bovine mastitis. Plasma gelatinization in coagulase assays is routinely used to discriminate from other species by detecting the presence of extracellular free staphylocoagulase.

Psychological impact of COVID-19 after hospital discharge: A follow-up study on Italian recovered patients.

Background: Since COVID-19 outbreak, clinical experience on its management during the acute phase has rapidly grown, including potential effects on the psychopathological dimension. However, still few data are available regarding the impact on survivors' mental health over the long-term.

Methods: A sample of 1457 COVID-19 patients underwent a multidisciplinary follow-up protocol, approximately 3 months after hospital discharge, including a psychological evaluation.

Emergency Psychiatric Consultations During and After the COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy. A Multicentre Study.

The aim was to analyse the psychiatric consultations in nine Italian hospital emergency departments, by comparing the lockdown and post-lockdown periods of 2020 with the equivalent periods of 2019. Characteristics of psychiatric consultations, patients, and drug prescriptions were analyzed. Joinpoint models were used to identify changes in the weekly trend of consultations.

Genotyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiling of Isolated from a Clinical Bovine Mastitis Outbreak in a Dairy Farm.

, an environmental pathogen responsible also for contagious transmission, has been increasingly implicated in clinical mastitis (CM) cases in Europe. We described a 4-month epidemiological investigation of CM cases in an Italian dairy farm. We determined molecular characteristics and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance of 71 isolates from dairy cows with CM.

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Teat-Sealant and Antibiotic Dry-Cow Treatments for Mastitis Prevention Shows Similar Effect on the Healthy Milk Microbiome.

Lactating cows are routinely treated at dry-off with antibiotic infusions in each quarter for the cure and prevention of pathogenic intramammary infection, which remains the most common disease in dairy herds. This approach is known as blanket dry-cow therapy, usually effective for the prevention and cure of infections, but has been shown to potentially contribute to the emergence and spreading of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains. Exploring the use of non-antibiotic treatments coupled with selective dry-cow therapy is necessary to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance and potential interference with milk microbiome balance.

Identification of Multidrug-Resistant from Bovine Clinical Mastitis Using a Ceftiofur-Supplemented Medium.

causes a significant number of clinical mastitis cases in dairy cattle worldwide. The antimicrobial susceptibility of is important for both human and animal health. Surveillance reports recorded that the efficacy of most antibiotics is substantially preserved but detection of from clinical mastitis cases producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and plasmid-encoded AmpC beta-lactamases has been reported.

Markers of neuroinflammation influence measures of cortical thickness in bipolar depression.

We tested if peripheral levels of cytokines and chemokines associate to grey matter volumes, cortical thickness and fMRI neural responses to a moral valence decision task in bipolar patients. ICAM1 and CCL4 negatively correlated with cortical thickness in Inferior Temporal Gyrus, and sCD25 in Parahippocampal Gyrus. TNF-α, Interleukine-8, and CCL2 correlated positively with cortical thickness in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex, and with lower BOLD responses to negative stimuli.

A Glutamate Transporter EAAT1 Gene Variant Influences Amygdala Functional Connectivity in Bipolar Disorder.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe illness characterized by recurrent depressive and manic episodes and by emotional dysregulation. Altered cortico-limbic connectivity could account for typical symptoms of the disorder such as mood instability, emotional dysregulation, and cognitive deficits. Functional connectivity positively associated with glutamatergic neurotransmission.

Chronotype influences response to antidepressant chronotherapeutics in bipolar patients.

Patient diurnal mood fluctuation, sleep characteristics and factors affecting sleep homeostasis predict antidepressant response to the combination of total sleep deprivation and light therapy (TSD + LT). In order to study if chronotype could influence response to TSD+LT, we considered 194 bipolar depressed patients. Severity of depression was rated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; perceived mood levels were assessed by a self-administered 10-cm visual analogue scale and chronotype was assessed using the Mornigness-Eveningness Questionnaire.

Does early response predict subsequent remission in bipolar depression treated with repeated sleep deprivation combined with light therapy and lithium?

Background: The combination of three cycles of sleep deprivation (SD), light therapy (LT), and lithium has recently been proposed as a possible first-line treatment for bipolar depression. However, it is unclear whether early improvement predicts final response/remission in bipolar depression treated with this regimen.

Method: We studied 220 consecutively admitted inpatients with a major depressive episode in the course of bipolar disorder.

Higher Baseline Proinflammatory Cytokines Mark Poor Antidepressant Response in Bipolar Disorder.

Background: The clinical relevance of raised levels of circulating cytokines in bipolar disorder is still unclear. Cytokines influence neurotransmitters, neuroplasticity, and white matter integrity. An inconsistent literature suggests that higher cytokine levels could hamper antidepressant response.

The effect of childhood trauma on serum BDNF in bipolar depression is modulated by the serotonin promoter genotype.

In healthy humans, both childhood trauma and the short form of the serotonin promoter transporter genotype (5-HTTLPR) are associated with lower levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In subjects with bipolar disorder (BD), lower levels of BDNF and a higher degree of childhood trauma were observed compared with healthy controls. However, is still unknown if the functional 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms exerts an effect on both abnormalities.

Night sleep influences white matter microstructure in bipolar depression.

Background: Alteration of circadian rhythms and sleep disruption are prominent trait-like features of bipolar disorder (BD). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures suggest a widespread alteration of white matter (WM) microstructure in patients with BD. Sleep promotes myelination and oligodendrocyte precursor cells proliferation.

Body mass index associates with white matter microstructure in bipolar depression.

Objectives: Obesity has been reported in over 60% of bipolar disorder (BD) patients. It worsens the severity of illness, and influences cognition and functional outcomes. White matter (WM) abnormalities are one of the most consistently reported findings in neuroimaging studies of BD.

Th17 cells correlate positively to the structural and functional integrity of the brain in bipolar depression and healthy controls.

Unlabelled: Abnormalities of T cell-mediated immune activation, in the absence of active somatic immune diseases, have consistently been reported in mood disorders. Apart from being important players in the regulation of cells of the immune system, T cells are essential for normal brain development. We here report studies on the relationship between circulating levels of T helper cells and structural and functional brain imaging in depressed bipolar patients.

Kynurenine pathway and white matter microstructure in bipolar disorder.

Decreased availability of serotonin in the central nervous system has been suggested to be a central factor in the pathogenesis of depression. Activation of indoleamine 2-3 dioxygenase following a pro-inflammatory state could reduce the amount of tryptophan converted to serotonin and increase the production of tryptophan catabolites such as kynurenic acid, an antagonist of ionotropic excitatory aminoacid receptors, whose levels are reduced in bipolar disorder. Abnormalities in white matter (WM) integrity have been widely reported in BD.

Adverse childhood experiences associate to reduced glutamate levels in the hippocampus of patients affected by mood disorders.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) can possibly permanently alter the stress response system, affect the glutamatergic system and influence hippocampal volume in mood disorders. The aim of the study is to investigate the association between glutamate levels in the hippocampus, measured through single proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), and ACE in patients affected by mood disorders and healthy controls. Higher levels of early stress associate to reduced levels of Glx/Cr in the hippocampus in depressed patients but not in healthy controls.