Introduction: The mandibular foramen (MnF) and the mental foramen (MF) are essential anatomical landmarks that should be considered before any surgical procedures in the mandible. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the MnF and MF in relation to adjacent anatomical structures, as well as age and gender differences, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) projections.
Methods: The study was conducted from August 2023 to January 2024 at the Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Vietnam.
Background: In 2012, Botswana introduced 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) to its childhood immunization program in a 3+0 schedule, achieving coverage rates of above 90% by 2014. In other settings, PCV introduction has been followed by an increase in carriage or disease caused by non-vaccine serotypes, including some serotypes with a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance.
Methods: We characterized the serotype epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of pneumococcal isolates cultured from nasopharyngeal samples collected from infants (≤12 months) in southeastern Botswana between 2016 and 2019.
This study examines the asymmetric effects of exchange rate on Vietnam's trade balance. Data used in this study consist of monthly trade balance, exchange rate, industrial production index and foreign direct investment series over the period from January 2010 to June 2020. Using the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, the empirical findings confirm that the exchange rate has asymmetric effects on trade balance in both the long-run and short-run, meaning that a decrease in exchange rate has the different effect on trade balance as an increase in exchange rate with the same size.
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