Ochratoxins in Wines: A Review of Their Occurrence in the Last Decade, Toxicity, and Exposure Risk in Humans.

Ochratoxins (OTs) are mycotoxins frequently found in wines, and their contamination can occur during any stage of the winemaking process. Ochratoxin A (OTA) has been the most widely reported and the only one whose concentrations are legislated in this beverage. However, ochratoxin B, ochratoxin A methyl ester, ochratoxin B methyl ester, ochratoxin A ethyl ester, ochratoxin B ethyl ester, ochratoxin α, ochratoxin β, OTα methyl ester, OTA ethyl amide, and OTA glucose ester have also been reported in wines.

Antimicrobial activity of bioactive compounds of and against human pathogenic microorganisms.

Background And Objectives: and are medicinal shrubs native to Chile and are popularly known as "Bailahuén". Regularly, this plant is used for liver, digestive and renal affections, as well as colds and the cleaning of infected wounds. The aim of the study was to identify the responsible compounds for the antimicrobial activity of and

Materials And Methods: Infusions and ethanolic extracts of and were analysed by thin-layer chromatography bioautography (TLC-B) to determine the compounds responsible for the antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and yeasts of Bailahuén.

Partial Characterization of Novel Bacteriocin SF1 Produced by and Their Lethal Activity on Members of Gut Microbiota.

A strain of producing bacteriocin was isolated from a patient with diarrhea. The main objective of this study was to isolate and partially characterize the bacteriocin. The producing microorganism was identified using biochemical, serological, and molecular methods.

Bacterial microleakage at the abutment-implant interface, in vitro study.

Introduction: In implant rehabilitation, a microspace is created at the abutment-implant interface (AII). Previous research has shown that oral microbiome can proliferate in this microspace and affect periimplant tissues, causing inflammation in peri-implant tissues. Preventing microbial leakages through the AII is therefore an important goal in implantology.

Microorganisms of the Intestinal Microbiota of Produce Antagonistic Substances Against Bacteria Contaminating Food and Causing Disease in Humans.

The objective was to analyse the antibacterial ability of members of the intestinal microbiota of specimens on several bacterial target strains that contaminate food and cause disease in humans. Bacterial colonies from an intestinal portion of the 20 specimens of were obtained in different culture media. Several of the colonies showed antibacterial action on different target strains.

Mutacins and bacteriocins like genes in Streptococcus mutans isolated from participants with high, moderate, and low salivary count.

Objective: To detect S. mutans producers of mutacins and bacteriocins like substances (BLIS) from saliva of participants with low, moderate, and high salivary counts.

Material And Methods: 123 strains of S.

Virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli taken from women with vaginitis in Talca, Chile.

Introduction: Vaginitis is one of the most common reasons women visit a gynecologist. Escherichia coli has been isolated from women with vaginitis, but its role as a vaginal infection aetiological agent is controversial. This study aimed to detect virulence genes and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of E.

[Genetic analysis and virulent properties of Escherichia colistrains isolated from vaginal infection].

Background: Escherichia coliis able to produce different infections in humans. It pathogenicity in the female genital tract is unknown.

Objective: To determine the presence of virulence genes (VG) in E.

Virulence, bacterocin genes and antibacterial susceptibility in Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from water wells for human consumption.

The objectives of this study were to detect genes for virulence and bacteriocins in addition to studying the antimicrobial susceptibility of 78 strains of E. faecalis isolated from water wells for human consumption. The virulence and bacteriocin genes of 78 E.

Phenotypic characterization and genomic DNA polymorphisms of Escherichia coli strains isolated as the sole micro-organism from vaginal infections.

Vaginal infections such as vulvovaginal candiadiasis, trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis are common worldwide. Accurate diagnosis and prescription of appropriate treatments are important since these infections are linked to adverse outcomes for women during pregnancy and for newborns. Several aetiological agents are responsible for these infectious diseases; however, the presence of Escherichia coli in these infections is controversial.

In vitro antimicrobial effect of bacteriocin PsVP-10 in combination with chlorhexidine and triclosan against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus strains.

Objectives: To determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of bacteriocin PsVP-10, chlorhexidine and triclosan on S. mutans and S. sobrinus and to study the potential synergistic combination between these antimicrobial and the bacteriocin PsVP-10.

Shigella flexneri strains produce bacteriocins active against members of the human microbial intestinal flora.

The principal aim of this work was to detect the bacteriocinogenic capacity of S. flexneri strains on members of the human intestinal flora. A total of 49 bacteriocinogenic S.

Effects of the bacteriocin PsVP-10 produced by Pseudomonas sp. on sensitive bacterial strains.

The bacteriocin PsVP-10 is a 2.6 Kda peptide which was isolated and purified from Pseudomonas sp. This bacteriocin possesses lethal activity over Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella flexneri.

Periodontal pathogens in atheromatous plaques isolated from patients with chronic periodontitis.

Background And Objective: It has been suggested that chronic infections may predispose to cardiovascular disease. The relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease has been a subject of increasing research in recent years. The isolation and identification of periodontal bacteria from atheromatous plaque can contribute to our knowledge of this vascular disease.

Plasmid-mediated bacteriocin production by Shigella flexneri isolated from dysenteric diarrhoea and their transformation into Escherichia coli.

Aims: To determine the production of bacteriocin by Shigella flexneri strains, to relate their production to the presence of dysenteric diarrhoea and to asses the genetic determination of the bacteriocin.

Methods And Results: One hundred and sixteen strains of Sh. flexneri were isolated from patients with diarrhoea and 49 of them produced bacteriocin active against several Escherichia coli and abacteriocinogenic Sh.

In vitro antibacterial activity of the peptide PsVP-10 against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus with and without glycocalyx.

The antibacterial activity of the peptide PsVP-10 obtained from Pseudomonas sp. R10 against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus was investigated. One hundred and twenty strains of S.

In vitro antibacterial activity of the peptide PsVP-10 against antimicrobial-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolated from clinical samples.

Objective: To analyse the antimicrobial activity of the peptide PsVP-10 against 67 resistant Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from clinical samples.

Methods: The qualitative disc diffusion method and MIC determinations were used.

Results: The presence of several multidrug-resistant phenotypes of E.

Production of antimicrobial substances, by hospital bacteria, active against other micro-organisms.

Fifty-nine clinical strains of bacteria, isolated from patients in the Regional Hospital of Talca, were studied. Seventy-four percent of these strains produced antibacterial substances, in comparison with 18% of the same bacterial species obtained from patients from a non-hospital habitat. Almost all the bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients demonstrated in vitro resistance to different antimicrobial agents.

Note: purification and characterization of the bacteriocin PsVP-10 produced by Pseudomonas sp.

A bacteriocin (bacteriocin PsVP-10) produced by Pseudomonas sp. R-10 was purified by a simple method that included an extraction of the bacteriocin with chloroform, followed by cation exchange chromatography. The purity of the bacteriocin was verified by RP-HPLC.