Altered Brain Reactivity to Food Cues in Undergraduate Students with Disordered Eating Behaviors.

Purpose: A growing body of evidence has shown that electroencephalography (EEG) is an interesting method of assessing the underlying brain physiology associated with disordered eating. Using EEG, we sought to evaluate brain reactivity to hyper-palatable food cues in undergraduate students with disordered eating behavior (DEB).

Methods: After assessing the eating behaviors of twenty-six undergraduate students using the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), electroencephalographic signals were recorded while the participants were presented with pictures of hyper-palatable food.

Methylxanthine and Flavonoid Contents from Guarana Seeds (): Comparison of Different Drying Techniques and Effects of UV Radiation.

Guarana seeds are typically processed using one of three drying methods: traditional sun exposure, greenhouse drying, or the oven technique. In our research, we evaluated the contents of methylxanthines and flavan-3-ols in sun- and -dried guarana seeds from Bahia State's Low Sul Identity Territory. Caffeine, theobromine, catechin, and epicatechin were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-visible detection (HPLC/UV-vis).

Effects of two external cooling strategies on physiological and perceptual responses of athletes with tetraplegia during and after exercise in the heat.

Athletes with tetraplegia may experience marked hyperthermia while exercising under environmental heat stress due to their limited ability to dissipate heat through evaporative means. This study investigated the effectiveness of two external cooling strategies (i.e.

Incidence of drug-related adverse events related to the use of high-alert drugs: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Background: High-alert medication (HAM) is more predictable to cause significant harm to the patient, even when used as intended. The damage related to the HAM lead not only suffering to the patient, but also raise the additional costs associated with care.

Objective: Evaluate the incidence of drug-related adverse events related to the use of high-alert medications.

Cardiac autonomic nervous activity during different sleep stages in individuals with spinal cord injury: The influence of physical training.

Objective: The present study assessed the influence of physical training on cardiac autonomic activity in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) during different sleep stages.

Methods: Twenty-six volunteers were allocated into three groups: 9 sedentary individuals without SCI (control, CON); 8 sedentary tetraplegic individuals with chronic SCI (SED-SCI); 9 physically trained tetraplegic individuals with chronic SCI (TR-SCI). All participants underwent nocturnal polysomnography to monitor sleep stages: wakefulness, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep (N1, N2, and N3 stages), and REM sleep.

Emotion regulation effects of Ayahuasca in experienced subjects during implicit aversive stimulation: An fMRI study.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Ayahuasca is a beverage used in Amazonian traditional medicine and it has been part of the human experience for millennia as well as other different psychoactive plants. Although Ayahuasca has been proposed as potentially therapeutic as an anxiolytic and antidepressant, whilst no studies have been carried out so far investigating their direct effect on brain emotional processing.

Aim Of The Study: This study aimed to measure the emotional acute effect of Ayahuasca on brain response to implicit aversive stimulation using a face recognition task in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Is binge eating associated with poor weight loss outcomes in people with a high body weight? A systematic review with meta-analyses.

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to compare the weight change in people with or without binge eating who underwent various weight loss treatments.

Methods: We searched for studies in PubMed, American Psychological Association, and Embase from inception to January 2022. The studies selected included assessment of binge eating and body weight before and after weight loss treatment in people of any age.

Phytosterol supplementation in capsules or tablets as adjunctive treatment for hypercholesterolemia: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Background: The exploration of lipid-lowering resources, such as phytosterols, for the complementary nutritional treatment of hypercholesterolemia is relevant to reduce cardiovascular risk. The use of phytosterols in capsules or tablets can bring advantages in the context of diet therapy, but such format is still less studied when compared to fortified foods.

Objective: Systematically review randomized clinical trials on the effects of phytosterol supplementation, in capsules or tablets, on the lipid profile and its use in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in adults.

Bisphenol-A Neurotoxic Effects on Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons In Vitro and In Vivo.

The widely used plasticizer bisphenol-A (BPA) is well-known for producing neurodegeneration and cognitive disorders, following acute and long-term exposure. Although some of the BPA actions involved in these effects have been unraveled, they are still incompletely known. Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCN) regulate memory and learning processes and their selective loss, as observed in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, leads to cognitive decline.

Nondeclarative associative learning in Alzheimer's disease: An overview of eyeblink, fear, and other emotion-based conditioning.

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by progressive cognitive decline, particularly in declarative memory, and the presence of β-amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and cortical atrophy (especially in the temporal lobe). Unlike the relationship between the temporal cortex and declarative memory, nondeclarative memories (e.g.

Current Technologies and Practices to Assess External Training Load in Paralympic Sport: A Systematic Review.

Context: Knowing the methods to assess the external load in Paralympic sports can help multidisciplinary teams rely on scientific evidence to better prescribe and monitor the athlete's development, improving sports performance and reducing the risk of injury/illness of Paralympic athletes.

Objectives: This review aimed to systematically explore the current practices of quantifying the external load in Paralympic sports and provide an overview of the methods and techniques used.

Evidence Acquisition: A search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO was carried out until November 2022.

An Examination of the Relationships between Eating-Disorder Symptoms, Difficulties with Emotion Regulation, and Mental Health in People with Binge Eating Disorder.

Eating disorders, such as binge eating disorder, are commonly associated with difficulties with emotion regulation and mental-health complications. However, the relationship between eating-disorder symptoms, difficulties with emotion regulation, and mental health in people with binge eating disorder is unclear. Thus, we investigated associations between eating-disorder symptoms, difficulties with emotion regulation, and mental health in 119 adults with binge eating disorder.

Centrally supported clinical pharmacist intervention to reduce clinical inertia in hypertension.

Purpose: To assess the impact of a one-time hypertension (HTN)-focused clinical pharmacist intervention on the occurrence of clinical inertia and change in blood pressure (BP).

Methods: This retrospective study included patients 18 to 89 years of age with a current diagnosis of HTN and average systolic BP of ≥150 mm Hg. Centralized outreach coordinators performed telephone outreach to patients to schedule an HTN-focused visit with their primary care provider (PCP) and forwarded outreach notes for half of these patients to clinical pharmacists embedded in an internal medicine clinic.

Impact of textual warnings on emotional brain responses to ultra-processed food products.

Background And Objectives: Ultra-processed food products (UPF) have been associated with numerous non-communicable diseases. Despite this, the addictive nature of UPF, and the aggressive marketing strategies used to promote them, has created a strong emotional connection between UPF and consumers, and supports their increasing UPF global consumption. In view of the emotional link that consumers often have with UPF, modulating emotional reactions to UPF (by using strategies such as textual warnings) is important in changing consumers' behavior.

The impact of a violent community on mental health and the benefits of a sport program for social development.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a violent environment on mental health and the impact of a sport for social development (SSD) program on quality of life, mental distress symptoms, and heart rate variability (HRV). HRV and psychometric data were measured from 20 men professional athletes assisted by the SSD and 20 men living in the same violent community. The comparison of groups revealed greater sympathetic parameters of HRV, positive affect, and quality of life in the SSD group.

Total Testosterone and Cortisol During Wheelchair Rugby Training in Athletes With Cervical Spinal Cord Injury.

Context: Hormonal assessment in the sport context is important to monitor the physiological adaptations of athletes. However, Paralympic athletes, especially with cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI), may have different hormonal responses than nondisabled athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the blood concentrations of total testosterone (TT) and cortisol (C) during acute (one training session) and chronic (1 and 2 month) training of athletes with CSCI in wheelchair rugby (WCR).

From strong leadership to active community engagement: Effective resistance to illegal coca crops in Afro-Colombian collective territories.

In this paper, we study whether leadership and community organisation can explain differences in the presence and expansion of coca crops in rural Afro-Colombian collective territories. Following a mixed-method approach that combines the analysis of satellite imagery, semi-structured interviews and household surveys, our results suggest that leadership and community organisation help explain differences in the presence of illegal coca crops by activating pre-existing 'stocks' of social capital that enable rural Afro-Colombian communities in the country's southern Pacific region to resist the penetration and/or expansion of illegal coca crops. Results also show that resistance is more effective when the interests and strategies of leadership and communities are aligned.

Use of monitoring indicators in hospital management of antimicrobials.

Background: According to the literature, 25% to 50% of antimicrobials prescribed in hospitals are unnecessary or inappropriate, directly impacting antimicrobial resistance. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the use of antimicrobials in a university hospital in Northeast Brazil, using days of therapy (DOT) and length of therapy (LOT) indicators in accordance with the latest national and international recommendations for monitoring the use of antimicrobials.

Methods: This is an observational, prospective analytical study conducted in a teaching hospital, with 94 active beds, distributed between the intensive care unit (ICU), the surgical clinic (SUR), the medical clinic (MED), the pneumology/infectology department (PNE/INF) and pediatrics (PED).

Organism-specific training improves performance of linear B-cell epitope prediction.

Motivation: In silico identification of linear B-cell epitopes represents an important step in the development of diagnostic tests and vaccine candidates, by providing potential high-probability targets for experimental investigation. Current predictive tools were developed under a generalist approach, training models with heterogeneous datasets to develop predictors that can be deployed for a wide variety of pathogens. However, continuous advances in processing power and the increasing amount of epitope data for a broad range of pathogens indicate that training organism or taxon-specific models may become a feasible alternative, with unexplored potential gains in predictive performance.