Angiographic Embolization in Pediatric Abdominal Trauma.

Background: Trauma is the leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Abdominal bleeding is one of the common causes of mortality due to trauma. Angiography and embolization are well recognized as the primary treatments in certain cases of acute traumatic hemorrhage in adults; however, evidence is lacking in the pediatric population.

Shear wave elastography imaging for assessing the chronic pathologic changes in advanced diabetic kidney disease.

Objective: The assessment of the grade of renal fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) requires renal biopsy, which may be associated with certain risks. To assess the severity of chronic pathologic changes in DKD, we performed a quantitative analysis of renal parenchymal stiffness in advanced DKD, using shear wave elastography (SWE) imaging.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-nine diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) grades 3-4 due to DKD, and 23 healthy subjects were enrolled.

Periappendicular Abscess Presenting within an Inguinal Hernia.

The presence of the appendix within an inguinal hernia is a rare finding. We present the case of an elderly woman who developed appendicitis within an inguinal hernia, complicated by a supervening periappendicular abscess. She was successfully treated with a combination of antibiotics and percutaneous drainage.

Sonographic Hair-on-end Sign in Osteosarcoma.

This report is a case of osteosarcoma in a young female whose initial examination was sonography. This examination demonstrated a femoral tumor and included a unique finding corresponding to the radiographic hair-on-end sign of malignant new bone formation.

Timing of percutaneous cholecystostomy affects conversion rate of delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for severe acute cholecystitis.

Background: Percutaneous cholecystostomy is reserved for very high-operative-risk patients suffering from severe acute cholecystitis, who do not respond to conservative treatment. It is associated with high conversion rate to open surgery, when cholecystectomy is held later on. Our objective was to assess whether early timing of percutaneous cholecystostomy decreases conversion rate of delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open surgery.

Assessment of the normal and pathological alignment of the elbow in children using the trochleocapitellar index.

Background: The current research is a retrospective study that involves the description of a new trochleocapitellar index (TCI), on basis of anteroposterior (AP) radiographs of normal and fractured paediatric elbows. This index may be useful in assessing the alignment of the elbow with a supracondylar fracture.

Methods: The index was evaluated to define its normal and pathological range in children between the ages of 1-13 years.

Prevalence and Degree of Breast Arterial Calcifications on Mammography: A Cross-sectional Analysis.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to establish a database including prevalence and degree of breast arterial calcifications (BAC) in our population of women presenting for mammography.

Materials And Methods: The mammograms of 1786 women over the age of 40 years were examined for the presence and degree of BAC. Statistical analysis was performed to correlate patient's age and ethnic origin with the presence and degree of BAC.

Congenital absence of salivary glands in Down syndrome.

Background: Children with Down syndrome have different saliva composition compared to normal children. The presence or absence of the salivary glands has not been previously reported.

Objective: To examine the presence or absence of the salivary glands in children with Down syndrome.

Posterior mediastinal goiters: Report of two cases and literature review.

Intrathoracic goiters represent substantial enlargement and descent of cervical thyroid tissue into the thoracic cavity, usually in the anterior mediastinum. Rarely, they extend posteriorly, causing obstructive symptoms, sometimes with acute onset. Posterior mediastinal goiters should be differentiated from other mediastinal masses by appropriate work-up, while computed tomography is the most valuable technique.

Bilateral testicular epidermoid cysts.

Testicular epidermoid cysts are the most common benign tumors of the testes, but account for only 1-2% of all testicular tumors. In a young man presenting with a testicular mass, a high index of suspicion must be maintained for the malignant testicular germ cell tumor, which is 50-times more common than testicular epidermoid cyst. Bilateral testicular epidermoid cysts are a very rare condition, with only a few reports in the literature.

Comparison of early outcome from transperitoneal versus transhepatic percutaneous cholecystostomy.

Background/aims: To determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in the short-term clinical outcome in patients undergoing percutaneous cholecystostomy based on the anatomic route of gallbladder puncture that is, transhepatic versus transperitoneal.

Methodology: Our population consisted of 132 patients who: 1) presented with acute cholecystitis, 2) were at high risk for surgery because of comorbid conditions, 3) underwent percutaneous cholecystostomy either using computed tomography guidance or ultrasound guidance and whose anatomic route was known: the transhepatic percutaneous cholecystostomy group comprised 59 patients, the transperitoneal group 73 patients. Demographic characteristics and clinical parameters of the groups were compared statistically, as were postprocedure hospital course, complications and time to hospital discharge.

Striated appearance of the testes.

Striated testis is an occasional ultrasound finding in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. In older men, the finding of striated testis usually corresponds to a diagnosis of interstitial fibrosis and requires no further action. However, in the appropriate clinical setting, the differential diagnosis of striated testis also includes infection, infarction, trauma, and neoplasm.

[Parathyroid cyst associated with acute respiratory failure and jugular vein thrombosis].

Parathyroid cysts are much less common than other cystic lesions of the neck. The great majority of parathyroid cysts are endocrine non-functioning. Parathyroid cysts may become symptomatic because of hormonal activity or due to the size and pressure effects.

Effect of external scrotal cooling on the viability of the testis with torsion in rats.

Background And Aim: Testicular damage due to ischemia during torsion is aggravated after reduction and reperfusion. The severity of the damage depends on the degree and duration of the torsion. Hypothermia has been successfully used in preserving the viability of ischemic organs for a prolonged period.

Kohler disease: diagnoses and assessment by bone scintigraphy.

Limping is a frequent occurrence in children and may be caused by various conditions, including trauma, inflammation, infection, and malignancy. Nontraumatic avascular necrosis of the tarsal bones should be included in the differential diagnosis. Accumulated data have supported the superiority of bone scans to radiography in the early diagnosis of avascular necrosis.

Overcoming reduced hepatic and renal perfusion caused by positive-pressure pneumoperitoneum.

Hypothesis: Use of the intermittent sequential pneumatic compression (ISPC) device may improve splanchnic and renal perfusion caused by positive-pressure pneumoperitoneum (PPP) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Design: Prospective controlled study.

Setting: University hospital.

[Morel-Lavallee syndrome after crush injury].

Closed internal degloving is a significant soft tissue injury associated with pelvic trauma in which the subcutaneous tissue is torn away from the underlying fascia, creating a cavity filled with hematoma and liquefied fat. It commonly occurs over the greater trochanter, but may also occur in the flank, buttock and lumbodorsal region, and it is known as a Morel-Lavallee lesion. The diagnosis of closed degloving injuries is based on physical and ultrasonographic examinations.