Evaluation of adherence to the Preferred Reporting of CasE Series in Surgery (PROCESS) 2020 guideline in case series describing endovascular management of vein of Galen malformation demonstrates suboptimal reporting practices.

Background: Interventional neuroradiology is a dynamic field with technological advancements constantly driving evolution in clinical practice. Case series provide interventional neuroradiologists the opportunity to describe the clinical implications of novel equipment and techniques almost in real-time, informing broader adoption and directing future research. Complete reporting in case series is vital in enabling readers to detect bias, determine the generalizability of results and replicate study methodology.

Structure-Based Design of Novel TLR7/8 Agonist Payloads Enabling an Immunomodulatory Conjugate Approach.

Dual activation of the TLR7 and TLR8 pathways leads to the production of type I interferon and proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in efficient antigen presentation by dendritic cells to promote T-cell priming and antitumor immunity. We developed a novel series of TLR7/8 dual agonists with varying ratios of TLR7 and TLR8 activity for use as payloads for an antibody-drug conjugate approach. The agonist-induced production of several cytokines in human whole blood confirmed their functional activity.

Correction: The peak viscosity of decaying foam with natural drainage and coarsening.

Correction for 'The peak viscosity of decaying foam with natural drainage and coarsening' by Wei Yu and Jack H. Y. Lo, , 2024, , 4964-4971, https://doi.

Hematologic Complications of Pregnancy.

Hematologic complications are common in pregnancy and can significantly impact both maternal and fetal health. Recognizing and treating these complications can be challenging due to the limited evidence available to guide clinical consultants. Iron deficiency anemia is the most prevalent hematologic issue in pregnancy and often occurs due to increased maternal blood volume and the nutritional demands of the growing fetus.

Intestinal TM6SF2 protects against metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis through the gut-liver axis.

Transmembrane-6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) regulates hepatic fat metabolism and is associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). TM6SF2 genetic variants are associated with steatotic liver disease. The pathogenesis of MASH involves genetic factors and gut microbiota alteration, yet the role of host-microbe interactions in MASH development remains unclear.

Complement 3a receptor 1 on macrophages and Kupffer cells is not required for the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Together with obesity and type 2 diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a growing global epidemic. Activation of the complement system and infiltration of macrophages has been linked to progression of metabolic liver disease. The role of complement receptors in macrophage activation and recruitment in MASLD remains poorly understood.

Comprehensive characterization of MCL-1 in patients with colorectal cancer: Expression, molecular profiles, and outcomes.

Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL-1) is a member of the B-cell lymphoma 2 protein family and has anti-apoptotic functions. Deregulation of MCL-1 has been reported in several cancers, including lung and breast cancer. In the present study, the association of MCL-1 expression with molecular features in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been highlighted.

Evaluation and Comparison of the Comprehensiveness of Canadian and American Ophthalmology Residency Program Websites.

Purpose: We descriptively and comparatively evaluated the comprehensiveness of Canadian and US-accredited ophthalmology residency program websites as of August 28, 2024.

Methods: Using Canadian Resident Matching Service ( = 15) and US Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database ( = 125), we assessed website content across seven criteria: recruitment, faculty, residents, education/research, teaching, benefits, and community. Two independent reviewers used a 40-point system, with Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc pairwise tests for analysis by country and funding model.

Concordance-based Predictive Uncertainty (CPU)-Index: Proof-of-concept with application towards improved specificity of lung cancers on low dose screening CT.

In this paper, we introduce a novel concordance-based predictive uncertainty (CPU)-Index, which integrates insights from subgroup analysis and personalized AI time-to-event models. Through its application in refining lung cancer screening (LCS) predictions generated by an individualized AI time-to-event model trained with fused data of low dose CT (LDCT) radiomics with patient demographics, we demonstrate its effectiveness, resulting in improved risk assessment compared to the Lung CT Screening Reporting & Data System (Lung-RADS). Subgroup-based Lung-RADS faces challenges in representing individual variations and relies on a limited set of predefined characteristics, resulting in variable predictions.

Urinary proteomics identifies distinct immunological profiles of sepsis associated AKI sub-phenotypes.

Background: Patients with sepsis-induced AKI can be classified into two distinct sub-phenotypes (AKI-SP1, AKI-SP2) that differ in clinical outcomes and response to treatment. The biologic mechanisms underlying these sub-phenotypes remains unknown. Our objective was to understand the underlying biology that differentiates AKI sub-phenotypes and associations with kidney outcomes.

Virtual imaging trials in medicine: A brief takeaway of the lessons from the first international summit.

Background: The rapid advancement of medical technologies presents significant challenges for researchers and practitioners. While traditional clinical trials remain the gold standard, they are often limited by high costs, lengthy durations, and ethical constraints. In contrast, in-silico trials and digital twins have emerged not only as efficient and ethical alternatives but also as a complementary technology that can extend beyond classical trials to predict and design new strategies.

Changes in Serum Rheumatoid Factor Following Eradication of Hepatitis C Virus Infection With Interferon or Direct Antiviral Therapy.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with a myriad of extrahepatic manifestations (EHM), as well as the production of autoantibodies, including rheumatoid factor (RF). This study aims to elucidate whether serum levels of RF change before and after HCV eradication, and whether these changes differ according to the type of therapy used. This is a retrospective cohort study of adults with chronic HCV infection treated with interferon-free or interferon-based regimens.

Cross-species single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals disparate and conserved cardiac and extracardiac inflammatory responses upon heart injury.

The immune system coordinates the response to cardiac injury and controls regenerative and fibrotic scar outcomes in the heart and subsequent chronic low-grade inflammation associated with heart failure. Adult mice and humans lack the ability to fully recover while adult zebrafish spontaneously regenerate after heart injury. Here we profile the inflammatory response to heart cryoinjury in zebrafish and coronary artery ligation in mouse using single cell transcriptomics.

Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection on the Treatment of Achilles Tendinopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Achilles tendinopathy is a common condition without a reproducible and timely treatment modality. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection has been proposed as an enticing treatment option, but there is no consensus regarding its effectiveness.

Purpose: To pool the available data and evaluate the evidence of the effect of PRP injections on Achilles tendinopathy.

Quantification of subcellular RNA localization through direct detection of RNA oxidation.

Across cell types and organisms, thousands of RNAs display asymmetric subcellular distributions. The study of this process often requires quantifying abundances of specific RNAs at precise subcellular locations. To analyze subcellular transcriptomes, multiple proximity-based techniques have been developed in which RNAs near a localized bait protein are specifically labeled, facilitating their biotinylation and purification.

C3aR1 on β cells enhances β cell function and survival.

Pancreatic β cell dysfunction is critical to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We show that the complement receptor C3aR1 on β cells plays an essential role in maintaining β cell homeostasis, especially under the metabolic duress of obesity and T2D. Mice with β cell specific deletion of have worse glucose tolerance, lower insulin levels, and decreased β cell mass.

The multifunctional use of an aqueous battery for a high capacity jellyfish robot.

The batteries that power untethered underwater vehicles (UUVs) serve a single purpose: to provide energy to electronics and motors; the more energy required, the bigger the robot must be to accommodate space for more energy storage. By choosing batteries composed primarily of liquid media [e.g.

Fasting intact insulin by mass spectrometry is associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in youth.

Background: Fasting intact insulin concentrations can predict metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in adults without diabetes; however, research in youth is limited. We sought to determine whether fasting intact insulin, measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, is associated with MASLD in children.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional analysis used data and samples from children who participated in studies across 3 universities between 2014 and 2022.

Matrix Architecture and Mechanics Regulate Myofibril Organization, Costamere Assembly, and Contractility in Engineered Myocardial Microtissues.

The mechanical function of the myocardium is defined by cardiomyocyte contractility and the biomechanics of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Understanding this relationship remains an important unmet challenge due to limitations in existing approaches for engineering myocardial tissue. Here, they established arrays of cardiac microtissues with tunable mechanics and architecture by integrating ECM-mimetic synthetic, fiber matrices, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs), enabling real-time contractility readouts, in-depth structural assessment, and tissue-specific computational modeling.

Use of Five Complementary Health Modalities Relevant to Lifestyle Medicine: A 2020 Survey of Northern California Adults Aged 35-79 years.

Introduction: Complementary health (CH) modalities can be used as part of a Lifestyle Medicine (LM) approach to preventing and managing chronic conditions.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used data for respondents to the 2020 (N = 6,715) and 2014/2015 (N = 11,112) cycles of a Northern California health plan member survey to estimate use in 2020 of five CH modalities relevant to LM: vegetarian/vegan diet, mind/body stress management techniques (MBSM), yoga/Pilates, massage therapy, and prayer/spiritual practice. Use was estimated by sex and racial/ethnic group (White, Black, Latino, Asian/PI)) for ages 35-64 and 65-79 years and for adults 35-79 years with diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, fair/poor sleep quality, and chronic stress.