Risk factors can classify individuals who develop accelerated knee osteoarthritis: Data from the osteoarthritis initiative.

We assessed which combinations of risk factors can classify adults who develop accelerated knee osteoarthritis (KOA) or not and which factors are most important. We conducted a case-control study using data from baseline and the first four annual visits of the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Participants had no radiographic KOA at baseline (Kellgren-Lawrence [KL]<2).

Feasibility and reproducibility of liver surface nodularity quantification for the assessment of liver cirrhosis using CT and MRI.

Purpose: To assess intra-observer, inter-observer and inter-modality (CT vs. MRI) reproducibility of liver surface nodularity (LSN) scores measured with software used for detection of liver fibrosis.

Methods: This IRB-approved retrospective study included patients with both abdominal CT and MRI within 6 months of histopathologic sampling.

Ex vivo activity of Proveblue, a methylene blue, against field isolates of Plasmodium falciparum in Dakar, Senegal from 2013-2015.

Resistance to most antimalarial drugs has spread from Southeast Asia to Africa. Accordingly, new therapies to use with artemisinin-based combination therapy (triple ACT) are urgently needed. Proveblue, a methylene blue preparation, was found to exhibit antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum strains in vitro.

Breath-hold black-blood T1rho mapping improves liver T1rho quantification in healthy volunteers.

Background Recent researches suggest that T1rho may be a non-invasive and quantitative technique for detecting and grading liver fibrosis. Purpose To compare a multi-breath-hold bright-blood fast gradient echo (GRE) imaging and a single breath-hold single-shot fast spin echo (FSE) imaging with black-blood effect for liver parenchyma T1rho measurement and to study liver physiological T1rho value in healthy volunteers. Material and Methods The institutional Ethics Committee approved this study.

Real-time dynamics and cross-correlation gating spectroscopy of free-carrier Drude slow-light solitons.

Optical solitons-stable waves balancing delicately between nonlinearities and dispersive effects-have advanced the field of ultrafast optics and dynamics, with contributions spanning from supercontinuum generation to soliton fission, optical event horizons, Hawking radiation and optical rogue waves, among others. Here, we investigate picojoule soliton dynamics in silicon slow-light, photonic-bandgap waveguides under the influence of Drude-modeled, free-carrier-induced nonlinear effects. Using real-time and single-shot amplified dispersive Fourier transform spectroscopy simultaneously with high-fidelity cross-correlation frequency resolved optical gating at femtojoule sensitivity and femtosecond resolution, we examine the soliton stability limits, the soliton dynamics including free-carrier quartic slow-light scaling and acceleration, and the Drude electron-hole plasma-induced perturbations in the Cherenkov radiation and modulation instability.

Carboplatin and Etoposide With or Without Palifosfamide in Untreated Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter, Adaptive, Randomized Phase III Study (MATISSE).

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of the addition of palifosfamide to carboplatin and etoposide in extensive stage (ES) small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Patients and Methods MATISSE was a randomized, open-label, adaptive phase III study. Previously untreated patients with ES SCLC were randomly assigned in a 1:1 fashion to receive carboplatin at area under the serum concentration-time curve 5 on day 1 plus etoposide 100 mg/m per day on days 1 to 3 every 21 days (CE) or carboplatin at area under the serum concentration-time curve 4 on day 1 plus etoposide 100 mg/m per day plus palifosfamide 130 mg/m per day on days 1 to 3 every 21 days (PaCE).

Mesoscopic chaos mediated by Drude electron-hole plasma in silicon optomechanical oscillators.

Chaos has revolutionized the field of nonlinear science and stimulated foundational studies from neural networks, extreme event statistics, to physics of electron transport. Recent studies in cavity optomechanics provide a new platform to uncover quintessential architectures of chaos generation and the underlying physics. Here, we report the generation of dynamical chaos in silicon-based monolithic optomechanical oscillators, enabled by the strong and coupled nonlinearities of two-photon absorption induced Drude electron-hole plasma.

Evaluation of the Utility of Screening Mammography for High-Risk Women Undergoing Screening Breast MR Imaging.

Purpose To evaluate the value of mammography in detecting breast cancer in high-risk women undergoing screening breast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Materials and Methods An ethics-approved, retrospective review of prospective databases was performed to identify outcomes of 3934 screening studies (1977 screening MR imaging examinations and 1957 screening mammograms) performed between January 2012 and July 2014 in 1249 high-risk women. Performance measures including recall and cancer detection rates, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values were calculated for both mammography and MR imaging.

Systolic and pulse pressure associate with incident knee osteoarthritis: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

We evaluated the relationship of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and treatment with antihypertensives with knee osteoarthritis incidence in a US cohort. We performed a longitudinal study (2004-2010) nested within the Osteoarthritis Initiative Study including only individuals without knee osteoarthritis at baseline. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure were assessed at baseline, 12-, 24-, and 36-month visits.

Stratifying risk in the prevention of recurrent variceal hemorrhage: Results of an individual patient meta-analysis.

Unlabelled: Endoscopic variceal ligation plus beta-blockers (EVL+BB) is currently recommended for variceal rebleeding prophylaxis, a recommendation that extends to all patients with cirrhosis with previous variceal bleeding irrespective of prognostic stage. Individualizing patient care is relevant, and in published studies on variceal rebleeding prophylaxis, there is a lack of information regarding response to therapy by prognostic stage. This study aimed at comparing EVL plus BB with monotherapy (EVL or BB) on all-source rebleeding and mortality in patients with cirrhosis and previous variceal bleeding stratified by cirrhosis severity (Child A versus B/C) by means of individual time-to-event patient data meta-analysis from randomized controlled trials.

[Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and its associated factors in Senegalese military personnel sent on mission to Darfur].

Introduction: In Senegal, 85% of the adult population have been exposed to the hepatitis B virus and about 11% of them are chronic surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers. This infection is poorly documented among Senegalese Armed Forces. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of HBsAg in Senegalese military personnel on mission to Darfur (Sudan) and to identify its associated factors.

Development of a clinical prediction algorithm for knee osteoarthritis structural progression in a cohort study: value of adding measurement of subchondral bone density.

Background: Risk prediction algorithms increase understanding of which patients are at greatest risk of a harmful outcome. Our goal was to create a clinically useful prediction algorithm for structural progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA), using medial joint space loss as a proxy; and to quantify the benefit of including periarticular bone mineral density (BMD) in the algorithm.

Methods: Participants were from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) Progression Cohort, with X-ray readings of medial joint space at 36- and 48-month visits, and a 30- or 36-month medial-to-lateral tibial BMD ratio (M:L BMD ratio) value.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: Correlations between MRI features, tumor biology, and clinical outcome after surgery.

Purpose: To assess which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features are associated with pNETs (pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors) grade based on the WHO classification, as well as identify MRI features related to disease progression after surgery.

Materials And Methods: In this Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved study, 1.5T and 3.

Subjective Crepitus as a Risk Factor for Incident Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

Objective: Subjective crepitus is the reporting of hearing grating, cracking, or popping sounds in and/or around a joint. We aimed to evaluate whether there is an association between crepitus and incident symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) in the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), a multicenter longitudinal US cohort.

Methods: Knees without baseline symptomatic OA were included.

Absence of association between polymorphisms in the K13 gene and the presence of Plasmodium falciparum parasites at day 3 after treatment with artemisinin derivatives in Senegal.

In 2006, the Senegalese National Malaria Control Programme recommended artemisinin-based combination therapy as first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. In addition, intravenous (i.v.

Confirmation of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro resistance to monodesethylamodiaquine and chloroquine in Dakar, Senegal, in 2015.

Background: In response to increasing resistance to anti-malarial drugs, Senegal adopted artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in 2006. However, resistance of Plasmodium falciparum parasites to artemisinin derivatives, characterized by delayed parasite clearance after treatment with ACT or artesunate monotherapy, has recently emerged and rapidly spread in Southeast Asia. After 10 years of stability with rates ranging from 5.

Treatment Outcomes and Tumor Loss of Heterozygosity in Germline DNA Repair-deficient Prostate Cancer.

Background: Germline mutations in DNA repair genes were recently reported in 8-12% of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). It is unknown whether these mutations associate with differential response to androgen receptor (AR)-directed therapy.

Objective: To determine the clinical response of mCRPC patients with germline DNA repair defects to AR-directed therapies and to establish whether biallelic DNA repair gene loss is detectable in matched circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA).

Experimental realization of an O-band compact polarization splitter and rotator.

We experimentally realize a compact wideband polarization splitter and rotator (PSR) with CMOS compatibility. The fabricated PSR is then tested by utilizing a fabrication-tolerant TE-pass on-chip polarizer we propose to practically solve the issue of accurately aligning the polarizations in fiber and modes on chip. Both of these polarization handling devices take the advantage of bend structure that confines TE mode better than TM mode.

Knee symptoms among adults at risk for accelerated knee osteoarthritis: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

The purpose of this study was to examine if adults who develop accelerated knee osteoarthritis (KOA) have greater knee symptoms with certain activities than those with or without incident common KOA. We conducted a case-control study using data from baseline and the first four annual visits of the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Participants had no radiographic KOA at baseline (Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) <2).

Prognostic Value of Stress Dynamic Myocardial Perfusion CT in a Multicenter Population With Known or Suspected Coronary Artery Disease.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic value of myocardial perfusion CT for major adverse cardiac events (MACE).

Materials And Methods: Data from six centers in Asia, Europe, and North America on 144 patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease who had undergone coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and dynamic myocardial perfusion CT with a dual-source CT system were analyzed. CCTA studies were acquired at rest.