Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of ultra low-dose computed tomography and X-ray of the kidneys, ureters and bladder for urolithiasis in the follow-up setting.

Introduction: Urolithiasis is frequently followed up with a low-dose computed tomography of the kidneys ureters and bladder (LD-CTKUB) with doses typically less than 3 millisieverts. Although X-ray is a lower dose (0.5-1.

Prediction of low DEXA T-scores by routine computed tomography body scans at different kilovoltage peaks.

Introduction: Previous studies have demonstrated positive correlations between computed tomography (CT) attenuation of lumbar spine vertebrae and their bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). However, these studies were performed using a standard 120 kilovoltage peak (kVp) setting. As radiation attenuation in mineralised tissues varies by the tube voltage applied, we determined the diagnostic accuracy of CT attenuation at identifying individuals with low BMD at different kVp settings.

Bronchial artery to pulmonary artery fistula in a patient with cavitating tuberculosis-Demonstration with 4D CTA.

We present a case of a bronchial artery to pulmonary artery fistula. This occurred in a 77-year-old male of Bangladeshi ethnicity with a new diagnosis of cavitating pulmonary tuberculosis. A 4D CTA protocol was required to elicit the nature of the vascular abnormality.

A tale of two twists: mesentero-axial and organo-axial sigmoid volvulus.

Introduction: Sigmoid volvulus is a potentially devastating and life-threatening condition associated with sigmoid colon redundancy. Many of the classical radiological signs are considered to represent the two adjacent loops of bowel in a mesentero-axial volvulus. However, limited case reports and series have reported on an organo-axial subtype of sigmoid volvulus.

Cardiac manifestations of IgG4-related disease: a case series.

Background: IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an autoimmune condition affecting almost every organ system, with an early inflammatory phase and later fibrotic consequences. Vascular manifestations, particularly, large-vessel involvement in IgG4-RD, are well described. However, important IgG4-related effects on medium-sized arteries and the pericardium are less well recognized.

Incidentally identified coronary artery calcium on non-contrast CT scan of the chest predicts major adverse cardiac events among hospital inpatients.

Background: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) identified on non-gated CT scan of the chest is predictive of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in multiple studies with guidelines therefore recommending the routine reporting of incidental CAC. These studies have been limited however to the outpatient setting. We aimed to determine the prognostic utility of incidentally identified CAC on CT scan of the chest among hospital inpatients.

Chronic occlusion of the thoracic aorta: a novel cause of pleuropericardial effusions and pancytopenia.

A 57-year-old man had presented with a 6-month history of worsening dyspnea, renal failure, hypertension, pancytopenia, and a continuous machinery murmur. Imaging studies revealed pleuropericardial effusions that recurred despite aspiration and suprarenal mid-thoracic aortic occlusion (AO) with extensive collateral vessels to the chest wall, rectus sheath, and diaphragm. A right axillofemoral bypass transformed his clinical course.

Fistulae involving the appendix: a systematic review of the literature.

Background: The appendix has a unique place in surgical history. Although the first ever appendicectomy involved a fistula to the skin, fistulae involving the appendix remain uncommon and can lead to unique surgical considerations.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed for case reports of appendiceal fistulae.

Survival outcomes for surgical resection versus CT-guided percutaneous ablation for stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Multiple cohort studies have compared surgical resection with CT-guided percutaneous ablation for patients with stage 1 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the results have been heterogeneous. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare surgery with ablation for stage 1 NSCLC.

Method: A search of five databases was performed from inception to 5 July 2020.

Imaging of the knee: Common acute presentations to general practice.

Background: Knee pain is a common symptom in the community. There is a wide range of conditions that can cause pain. Identifying the type and severity of the condition is important for effective management.

Rate and Extent of Recovery from Reproductive and Cardiac Dysfunction Due to Androgen Abuse in Men.

Context: Androgen abuse impairs male reproductive and cardiac function, but the rate, extent, and determinants of recovery are not understood.

Objective: To investigate recovery of male reproductive and cardiac function after ceasing androgen intake in current and past androgen abusers compared with healthy non-users.

Methods: Cross-sectional, observational study recruited via social media 41 current and 31 past users (≥3 months since last use, median 300 days since last use) with 21 healthy, eugonadal non-users.

Pneumothorax rates in CT-Guided lung biopsies: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated risk factors for pneumothorax following CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy.

Methods: A systematic search of nine literature databases between inception to September 2019 for eligible studies was performed.

Results: 36 articles were included with 23,104 patients.

Identification of Patients with Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures via Simple Text Search of Routine Radiology Reports.

Secondary fracture prevention programs mostly identify patients with symptomatic non-vertebral fractures, whereas asymptomatic vertebral fractures are usually missed. We here describe the development and validation of a simple method to systematically identify patients with radiographic vertebral fractures using simple text-based searching of free-text radiology reports. The study consisted of two phases.

Post-Biopsy Manoeuvres to Reduce Pneumothorax Incidence in CT-Guided Transthoracic Lung Biopsies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated post-biopsy manoeuvres to reduce pneumothorax following computed tomography-guided percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy. Twenty-one articles were included with 7080 patients. Chest drain insertion rates were significantly reduced by ninefold with the normal saline tract sealant compared to controls (OR 0.