Longitudinal phage-bacteria dynamics in the early life gut microbiome.

Microbial colonization of the human gut occurs soon after birth, proceeds through well-studied phases and is affected by lifestyle and other factors. Less is known about phage community dynamics during infant gut colonization due to small study sizes, an inability to leverage large databases and a lack of appropriate bioinformatics tools. Here we reanalysed whole microbial community shotgun sequencing data of 12,262 longitudinal samples from 887 children from four countries across four years of life as part of the The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study.

Indirect Decompression in Lumbar Degenerative Pathology: Analysis of Imaging Changes at 48 Hours with One-year Follow-up.

Objectives: Investigate the immediate resonance magnetic image changes undergone by the lumbar canal after indirect decompression and compare them at one-year post-intervention. We also investigate the clinical outcome of indirect decompression at one-year follow-up.

Methods: Imaging changes in patients who underwent indirect lumbar decompression and percutaneous posterior fixation were analyzed with one-year follow-up.

Wood-loving magic mushrooms from Australia are saprotrophic invaders in the Northern Hemisphere.

Magic mushrooms are fungi that produce psilocybin, an entheogen with long-term cultural use and a breakthrough compound for treatment of mental health disorders. Fungal populations separated by geography are candidates for allopatric speciation, yet species connectivity typically persists because there is minimal divergence at functional parts of mating compatibility genes. We studied whether connectivity is maintained across populations of a widespread species complex of magic mushrooms that has infiltrated the Northern Hemisphere from a hypothesised centre of origin in Australasia.

Kinetics During the Tuck Jump Assessment and Biomechanical Deficits in Female Athletes 12 Months After ACLR Surgery.

Background: Residual interlimb deficits after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) can lead to functional maladaptation and increase the risk of reinjury. The tuck jump assessment (TJA) may offer a more effective evaluation of ACLR status as compared with traditional tasks owing to increased risk of altered landing mechanics, asymmetrical landing, and increased knee valgus attributed to the cyclical nature of the task. However, it remains unclear whether altered TJA kinetics resolve over time or persist through return-to-play phases of rehabilitation.

A Kinetic Enhanced Tuck Jump Assessment Exposes Residual Biomechanical Deficits in Female Athletes 9 Months Post Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Kember, LS, Riehm, CD, Schille, A, Slaton, JA, Myer, GD, and Lloyd, RS. Residual biomechanical deficits identified with the tuck jump assessment in female athletes 9 months after ACLR surgery. J Strength Cond Res 38(12): 2065-2073, 2024-Addressing biomechanical deficits in female athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is crucial for safe return-to-play.

A Kinetic Enhanced Tuck Jump Assessment Exposes Residual Biomechanical Deficits in Female Athletes 9 Months Post Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Kember, LS, Riehm, CD, Schille, A, Slaton, JA, Myer, GD, and Lloyd, RS. Residual biomechanical deficits identified with the tuck jump assessment in female athletes 9 months after ACLR surgery. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-Addressing biomechanical deficits in female athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is crucial for safe return-to-play.

Quality measures for the care of patients with insomnia: 2024 update after measure maintenance.

Insomnia is highly prevalent and is one of the most common sleep disorders amongst adults and children in the US. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) convened the Quality Measures Task Force (Task Force) to perform maintenance on this quality measure set, developed to optimize management and care for patients with insomnia, as the measure set was originally developed and published in 2015. The Task Force reviewed the current medical literature, including updated clinical practice guidelines and systematic literature reviews, existing quality measures, and performance data highlighting gaps or variations in care since implementation of the original quality measure set to inform any potential revisions to the quality measures.

Different External Cues Elicit Specific Kinetic Strategies During a Drop Jump in Well-Trained Adolescent Soccer Players.

Barillas, SR, Lloyd, RS, Pedley, JS, and Oliver, JL. Different external cues elicit specific kinetic strategies during a drop jump in well-trained adolescent soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 39(1): e30-e39, 2025-The purpose of this study was to examine how different external cues that focus on jump height and ground contact time influence kinetic outcomes from a drop jump (DJ) in well-trained young soccer players.

Uncommon and Challenging Phenotypes of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus-Associated Head and Neck Carcinomas Revealed by High-Throughput Studies.

Background: HPV- associated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is uncommon in non-oropharynx sites and not well characterized. This study aims to investigate uncommon phenotypes of HPV-associated head and neck carcinoma, the prevalence and morphologic spectrum of HPV-associated SCC in the oral cavity, larynx and hypopharynx.

Method: P16 immunostaining and HPV E6/7 in situ hybridization (ISH) were performed on tissue microarrays comprised of SCCs from different anatomic sites: oropharynx (n = 270), hypopharynx (n = 52), oral cavity (n = 95) and larynx (n = 123).

Coffee and Cases (C&C) - Enhancing Knowledge Creation and Sharing for Organizational Learning From Clinical Debriefs in a Helicopter Emergency Medical Service: A Quality Improvement Study.

Objectives: The objective of this quality improvement (QI) study was to improve organizational learning from clinical debriefs known as "Coffee and Cases" (C&C) in a helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) by increasing weekly learning summaries (LS) and documented learning points (DLP) as well as the dissemination thereof by at least 50% from baseline.

Methods: The problem analysis for sub-optimal organizational learning from C&C identified several factors, including lack of responsibility, poor documentation quality, and limited sharing of learning points. Using the Model for Improvement (MFI), interventions enhanced the learning environment, and improved documentation and dissemination.

The Distinct Roles of NEIL1 and XPA in Limiting Aflatoxin B1-Induced Mutagenesis in Mice.

Dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinomas. Following metabolic activation, AFB1 reacts with guanines to form covalent DNA adducts, which induce high-frequency G > T transversions. The molecular signature associated with these mutational events aligns with the single-base substitution signature 24 (SBS24) in the Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer database.

Characteristics of positive feedback provided by UK health service users: content analysis of examples from two databases.

Background: Most feedback received by health services is positive. Our systematic scoping review mapped all available empirical evidence for how positive patient feedback creates healthcare change. Most included papers did not provide specific details on positive feedback characteristics.

Behaviours and psychological symptoms of childhood dementia: two cases of psychosocial interventions.

Childhood dementias are a group of rare, fatal neurodegenerative disorders, characterised by global cognitive decline, loss of previously acquired developmental skills and behaviours and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Batten disease, or neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, and Sanfilippo syndrome, or mucopolysaccharidosis type III, are two of the more common forms of childhood dementia disorders worldwide. While psychosocial interventions are the best available therapeutic approach for BPSD management in adult-onset dementia, there is very limited literature or clinical experience in the context of childhood dementia.

Morphologic Spectrum of HPV-associated Sinonasal Carcinomas.

Background: High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection has been increasingly recognized as a risk factor for sinonasal tract carcinomas. However the prevalence and prognostic significance of HPV-associated sinonasal carcinomas is not well known due to limited studies and inconsistency in HPV testing modalities in literatures. Morphologically, HPV-associated sinonasal carcinomas encompass a diverse group of tumors.

Kinetic Predictors of Weightlifting Performance in Young Weightlifters.

Morris, SJ, Oliver, JL, Pedley, JS, Radnor, JM, Haff, GG, Cooper, S-M, and Lloyd, RS. Kinetic predictors of weightlifting performance in young weightlifters. J Strength Cond Res 38(9): 1551-1560, 2024-Relationships between force-generating capabilities and weightlifting performance ( e.

Quality measure for screening for adult obstructive sleep apnea by primary care providers: 2024 update after measure maintenance.

Unlabelled: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent respiratory sleep disorder that, when left undiagnosed or untreated, can lead to adverse outcomes. There continue to be gaps and variations in screening adults who are high risk for OSA in the primary care setting, leading to many adults in the United States going undiagnosed. As a part of the ongoing American Academy of Sleep Medicine quality measure maintenance initiative, the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Quality Measures Task Force reviewed the original screening for adult OSA by primary care physicians quality measure.

Effects of Neuromuscular Training on Muscle Architecture, Isometric Force Production, and Stretch-Shortening Cycle Function in Trained Young Female Gymnasts.

Moeskops, S, Oliver, JL, Radnor, JM, Haff, GG, Myer, GD, Ramachandran, AK, Kember, LS, Pedley, JS, and Lloyd, RS. Effects of neuromuscular training on muscle architecture, isometric force production, and stretch-shortening cycle function in trained young female gymnasts. J Strength Cond Res 38(9): 1640-1650, 2024-This study evaluated the effects of a 10-month neuromuscular training (NMT) intervention on muscle architecture, isometric force production, and stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) function.

The Prospective Association between Early Life Growth and Breast Density in Young Adult Women.

Breast density is a strong intermediate endpoint to investigate the association between early-life exposures and breast cancer risk. This study investigates the association between early-life growth and breast density in young adult women measured using Optical Breast Spectroscopy (OBS) and Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). OBS measurements were obtained for 536 female Raine Cohort Study participants at ages 27-28, with 268 completing DXA measurements.

Interactions of pixantrone with apurinic/apyrimidinic sites in DNA.

Pixantrone and mitoxantrone are structurally related anticancer drugs which have been shown to generate covalent conjugates at apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites in DNA. Mitoxantrone binding to AP sites induces DNA strand cleavage and inhibits the endonuclease activity of human AP endonuclease 1 (APE1). Here, pixantrone was demonstrated to have similar properties, but relative to mitoxantrone, it was significantly less potent in both DNA incision and APE1 inhibition.

Long non-coding RNA MALAT 1 and PHOX2B expression in olfactory neuroblastomas and sympathetic neuroblastomas.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in transcriptional, epigenetic, and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and may influence carcinogenesis. MALAT1 is a lncRNA that is expressed in endocrine and many other neoplasms and it has been shown to have oncogenic and/or tumor suppressor effects in tumor development. Olfactory neuroblastomas arise in the nasal cavity while sympathetic neuroblastomas are present mainly in the adrenal and periadrenal regions.