A tale of two twists: mesentero-axial and organo-axial sigmoid volvulus.

Introduction: Sigmoid volvulus is a potentially devastating and life-threatening condition associated with sigmoid colon redundancy. Many of the classical radiological signs are considered to represent the two adjacent loops of bowel in a mesentero-axial volvulus. However, limited case reports and series have reported on an organo-axial subtype of sigmoid volvulus.

Cardiac manifestations of IgG4-related disease: a case series.

Background: IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an autoimmune condition affecting almost every organ system, with an early inflammatory phase and later fibrotic consequences. Vascular manifestations, particularly, large-vessel involvement in IgG4-RD, are well described. However, important IgG4-related effects on medium-sized arteries and the pericardium are less well recognized.

Fistulae involving the appendix: a systematic review of the literature.

Background: The appendix has a unique place in surgical history. Although the first ever appendicectomy involved a fistula to the skin, fistulae involving the appendix remain uncommon and can lead to unique surgical considerations.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed for case reports of appendiceal fistulae.