Traditional, complementary and integrative healthcare: global stakeholder perspective on WHO's current and future strategy.

As the 'WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy: 2014-2023' is entering its final phase, reflection is warranted on progress and the focus for a new strategy. We used WHO documentation to analyse progress across the objectives of the current strategy, adding the role of traditional, complementary and integrative healthcare (TCIH) to address specific diseases as a dimension absent in the current strategy. Our analysis concludes on five areas.

Patient-shared knowledge and information in clinical decision-making: an international survey of the perspectives and experiences of naturopathic practitioners.

Introduction: Most knowledge translation models pay relatively little attention to patient-held knowledge and are largely based on the premise that researchers and clinicians hold all valuable knowledge, and patients are passive recipients of such knowledge. Counter to this clinician- and researcher-centred lens is a growing interest and awareness of patients as experts in their health. While naturopathic medicine is described and experienced as a patient-centred system of traditional medicine, the position of patient-held knowledge is unclear particularly when considered alongside their use of other more objective forms of knowledge such as research evidence.

'Bowls are boring': Investigating enrichment feeding for pet dogs and the perceived benefits and challenges.

Background: Canine enrichment feeding (CEF) is recommended by canine professionals, yet research into its use by dog owners is absent. This study is the first to investigate who uses CEF and the perceived benefits and barriers.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey advertised in July and August 2021 received 1750 usable responses about owner and dog demographics, feeding methods used, canine quality of life and behaviour (Mini-Canine Behavioural Assessment and Research Questionnaire [C-BARQ]).

Reproducibility and diurnal variation in middle cerebral artery blood velocity in healthy humans.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? We sought to establish between-day reproducibility in estimates of middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in young, healthy male and female adults in tightly controlled experimental conditions. What is the main finding and its importance? Measures of MCAv assessed during morning, afternoon and evening hours are reproducible between days. There is diurnal variation in CVR, with values being highest during the evening compared with the morning.

Naturopathic Workforce: A Global Resource Toward the Goals-A Multimethods Study.

The World Health Organization identified health to be the most important social goal and the 1978 placed primary health care central to its attainment and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as the template. The called on a change of focus in primary care, from treatment of specific diseases to the prevention and inclusion of both scientific and traditional knowledge. Such objectives require public-private partnerships in providing health care, including traditional and complementary medicine systems such as naturopathy that align.

Prevalence and predictors of naturopathic practitioners' self-reported practice behaviours: results of an international survey.

Background: The naturopathic workforce spans over 108 countries and is estimated to provide care to over 5.5 million patients globally per month. Despite such demand, naturopathic practitioners are not well integrated into mainstream health systems, in part due to poor knowledge about naturopathy among policy makers and other health professionals.

Impacts of COVID-19 on Owner's Veterinary Healthcare Seeking Behavior for Dogs With Chronic Conditions: An Exploratory Mixed-Methods Study With a Convenience Sample.

This mixed-method study explored the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on owners' veterinary healthcare seeking, with particular focus on dogs with chronic conditions. A convenience sample of 719 UK dog owners completed an online survey (December 2020-January 2021). Differences in treatment provision and respondents' decisions to seek care across acute, preventative, chronic conditions and for end-of-life care were explored.

Bi-allelic mutation of CTNNB1 causes a severe form of syndromic microphthalmia, persistent foetal vasculature and vitreoretinal dysplasia.

Background: Inherited vitreoretinopathies arise as a consequence of congenital retinal vascularisation abnormalities. They represent a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders that can have a major impact on vision. Several genes encoding proteins and effectors of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway have been associated and precise diagnosis, although difficult, is essential for proper clinical management including syndrome specific management where appropriate.

Community education and health promotion activities of naturopathic practitioners: results of an international cross-sectional survey.

Background: Health promotion and patient education are crucial to improved population health and are also among the core principles that define naturopathy. Yet, the activities of naturopathic practitioners (NPs) with regards to health promotion and community education have not been widely studied.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey of an international convenience sample of NPs was conducted through disseminating a 15-item questionnaire prepared in five languages.

Biallelic DNAJC3 variants in a neuroendocrine developmental disorder with insulin dysregulation.

DNAJC3, a co-chaperone of BiP, is a member of the heat shock protein family. These proteins are produced in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to counter cell stress resulting from healthy functional protein processing. Dysregulation of unfolded proteins within the ER is implicated as a mechanism of genetic disease.

Naturopathic community clinics: an international cross-sectional survey.

Background: Globally, naturopathic practitioners offer services in 98 countries, reaching every world region and providing care to diverse populations for a range of acute and chronic health conditions. Community clinics provide free or low-cost healthcare services and play a key role in providing necessary primary healthcare for underprivileged or marginalized populations. However, the reach and impact of naturopathic community clinics (NCCs) has not yet been examined.

Naturopaths' mobilisation of knowledge and information in clinical practice: an international cross-sectional survey.

Background: The contemporary evidence-based practice model acknowledges the importance of patient preferences and clinician experience when applying evidence within a clinical setting. Knowledge mobilisation (KM) acknowledges the complexities of knowledge translation by recognising and respecting diversity in types of knowledge and how such diversity can influence health care and health care choices. While there has been considerable discussion on KM in health care, it has received little attention in the field of naturopathy.

Study of Optimal Perimetric Testing In Children (OPTIC): developing consensus and setting research priorities for perimetry in the management of children with glaucoma.

Background: Perimetry is important in the management of children with glaucoma, but there is limited evidence-based guidance on its use. We report an expert consensus-based study to update guidance and identify areas requiring further research.

Methods: Experts were invited to participate in a modified Delphi consensus process.

Os Joelhos! Os Joelhos! Protective Embodiment and Occasional Injury in .

, the African-Brazilian dance and martial art has enthusiastic devotees in Britain. Most practitioners are acutely aware of their embodiment, and have strategies to protect themselves from injury, and ways to seek treatment for any injuries they get. Drawing on data from a long-term ethnography and a set of 32 open-ended interviews with advanced students, the paper explores student strategies to prevent injuries, and their discoveries of effective remedies to recover from them, before it presents an analysis of their injury narratives using Frank's three-fold typology of illness narratives.

Segregates with Microphthalmia and Congenital Cataracts in Two Unrelated Families.

EPHA2 is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor that, when disrupted, causes congenital and age-related cataracts. Cat-Map reports 22 pathogenic variants associated with congenital cataracts, variable microcornea, and lenticonus, but no previous association with microphthalmia (small, underdeveloped eye, ≥2 standard deviations below normal axial length). Microphthalmia arises from ocular maldevelopment with >90 monogenic causes, and can include a complex ocular phenotype.

Characteristics of global naturopathic education, regulation, and practice frameworks: results from an international survey.

Background: This descriptive study provides the first examination of global naturopathic education, regulation and practice frameworks that have potential to constrain or assist professional formation and integration in global health systems. Despite increasing public use, a significant workforce, and World Health Organization calls for national policy development to support integration of services, existent frameworks as potential barriers to integration have not been examined.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey utilized purposive sampling of 65 naturopathic organisations (educational institutions, professional associations, and regulatory bodies) from 29 countries.

Clinical Spectrum and Genetic Diagnosis of 54 Consecutive Patients Aged 0-25 with Bilateral Cataracts.

Childhood cataract affects 2.5-3.5 per 10,000 children in the UK, with a genetic mutation identified in 50-90% of bilateral cases.

Thyroid Hormone Deficiency Suppresses Fetal Pituitary-Adrenal Function Near Term: Implications for the Control of Fetal Maturation and Parturition.

The fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a key role in the control of parturition and maturation of organ systems in preparation for birth. In hypothyroid fetuses, gestational length may be prolonged and maturational processes delayed. The extent to which the effects of thyroid hormone deficiency on the timing of fetal maturation and parturition are mediated by changes to the structure and function of the fetal HPA axis is unknown.

Multivitamins for acute respiratory tract infections: a rapid review.

Seven human clinical trials with some risk of bias suggest that multivitamins may be a safe and effective intervention to relieve some symptoms of respiratory tract infections, increase micronutrient status and immune function; however, further research is needed. There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend multivitamins as a therapy for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19. The overall quality of research examining the effect of prophylactic multivitamin supplementation on the effects of the acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) is weak.

Cataract management in children: a review of the literature and current practice across five large UK centres.

Congenital and childhood cataracts are uncommon but regularly seen in the clinics of most paediatric ophthalmology teams in the UK. They are often associated with profound visual loss and a large proportion have a genetic aetiology, some with significant extra-ocular comorbidities. Optimal diagnosis and treatment typically require close collaboration within multidisciplinary teams.