Total and Unbound Pharmacokinetics of Cefiderocol in Critically Ill Patients.

Background: Cefiderocol is a siderophore cephalosporin antibiotic active against Gram-negative bacteria, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing strains. The pharmacokinetics of cefiderocol has been studied in healthy subjects and particularly in phase II and III studies. This retrospective study investigated intravenous cefiderocol population pharmacokinetics in adult patients treated by cefiderocol.

Ciprofloxacin population pharmacokinetics during long-term treatment of osteoarticular infections.

Background: Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic used in osteoarticular infections owing to its very good bone penetration. Very few pharmacokinetic data are available in this population.

Objectives: To investigate oral ciprofloxacin population pharmacokinetics in adult patients treated for osteoarticular infections and propose guidance for more effective dosing.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Background: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) dosage required to reach circulating levels that inhibit SARS-Cov-2 are extrapolated from pharmacokinetic data in non-COVID-19 patients.

Methods: We performed a population-pharmacokinetic analysis from 104 consecutive COVID-19 hospitalized patients (31 in intensive care units, 73 in medical wards, n=149 samples). Plasma HCQ concentration were measured using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection.

Development and validation of a UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin and rifampicin in human plasma: Application to the therapeutic drug monitoring in osteoarticular infections.

Background: Fluoroquinolones and rifampicin are antibiotics frequently used for the treatment of osteoarticular infections, and their therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a rapid and selective method of simultaneous quantification of levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin and rifampicin with short pretreatment and run times in order to be easily used in clinical practice.

Methods: After a simple protein precipitation of plasma samples, the chromatographic separation was performed using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography system coupled with mass tandem spectrometry in a positive ionization mode.

The drugs that mostly frequently induce gynecomastia: A national case - noncase study.

Aims: Drug-induced gynecomastia accounts for up to 25% of cases of gynecomastia. The objective of the present study was to provide a comprehensive overview of drug-induced gynecomastia on the basis of spontaneously reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the French national pharmacovigilance database (FPVD).

Methods: We performed a case - noncase study of drug-induced gynecomastia.

[Diagnostic effectiveness of CT and MR in local staging of renal tumors].

The aim of this paper is to study the pre-operative staging of renal tumours, comparing CT and MR, and the imaging criteria used, examining the diagnostic efficacy for each of them. Thirty-four tumours were obtained from 29 patients. All cases were studied with CT and MR.

[Penoscrotal gangrene: our series of cases].

Ten cases of penoscrotal gangrene seen in our department over the last 8 years are presented. In 80% of patients causative factors of the gangrenous process were demonstrated and were equally distributed between urology and colorectal pathologies. The most commonly associated pathology was diabetes mellitus affecting up to 50% of our patients.

Carcinoma of prostatic ducts.

Carcinoma of prostatic ducts is a rare clinical feature. We have reviewed 398 histories of patients with histologic diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma and found 10 patients with the ductal variety (2.51%).

[Surgical treatment of urinary stress incontinence in women].

Long-term results obtained in 54 surgical procedures to correct effort urinary incontinence performed in 49 patients with this pathology are reviewed. One group was treated with suprapubic urethrovesical suspension with the Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz technique; the other group with endoscopic suspension of the neck of the bladder, with the Stamey technique and the third group with sling techniques. The authors conclude that any of the surgical techniques achieving a correct reposition of urethrovesical anatomy, rising the posterior urethra to its primitive anatomical bed, obtain a similar success rate.

ABO blood groups and bladder carcinoma.

Following some reports concerning the possible influence of ABO blood groups on constitutional types and different features of human pathology, we have investigated if there are relationships between ABO blood groups and bladder tumors. Our findings show that tumoral behavior in patients with bladder carcinoma and blood group O has a tendency to an increased aggressivity with higher tumoral grade and more relapses than what is seen in tumors of patients with A blood group. Although this difference is not statistically significant, we believe that blood group ABO should be considered as a constitutional prognostic factor in bladder carcinoma and further investigations in this field are needed.

Follow-up of superficial bladder cancer: how to spare cystoscopies?

To study the efficacy, specificity and sensitivity of ultrasonography, cytology and phospholipid/fatty acid quotient (PL/FA) in the detection of recurrences in patients with superficial bladder cancer we performed these three examinations simultaneously with cystoscopy. In over 405 cystoscopies, 348 were negative and 57 were positive for tumor. Sensitivity, the most important parameter, was 73% for the three examinations together.

[Volumetric and structural changes of prostatic carcinoma under hormonal treatment].

The evolution of the ultrasonographic images of 25 patients with advanced carcinoma of the prostate receiving antiandrogen (cyproterone acetate) and LH-RH analogue therapy were studied. Thirteen patients were on daily LH-RH analogue therapy while the remaining patients received a monthly depot dose. At 6 months, the ultrasound follow-up revealed a 20.

Selective chemoprophylaxis guided by multifactorial analysis in superficial bladder cancer.

One hundred and five patients with superficial bladder cancer (60 primary and 45 recurrent tumors) entered a prospective chemoprophylaxis trial after transurethral resection of the tumor. The drug for chemoprophylaxis was chosen by a computer which received the tumor data and analyzed them through a previous program of recurrence risk factors (multivariant analysis). In comparison with the aleatory selection of the drug, this statistical computerized choice has diminished the recurrence index (from 8 to 3) and increased the interval free of disease (from 70 to 83.

[Percutaneous nephrostomy as a technic for emergency drainage: review of cases].

Percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) is currently one of the procedures of choice for emergency drainage of the upper urinary tract. Moreover, it permits morphologic and functional diagnostic possibilities as well as a wide variety of new and frequently definitive therapeutic procedures. We report on 58 PCN procedures performed in 55 patients from May 1983 to February 1989.

[Disseminated renal adenocarcinoma. Developmental study].

A study was undertaken on 57 patients diagnosed as having disseminated renal adenocarcinoma. The interval between the onset of symptomatology and diagnosis ranged from 1 to 48 months. The tumor frequently metastasized to lungs and bone.

[Calcification and contamination as complications in the use of double-J catheters: incidence and correlation].

We present a series of cases of complex renal lithiasis, in which we carried out temporary internal urinary bypassing, prior to extracorporeal lithotripsy, by means of the retrograde insertion of a double-J urethral catheter, studying the time of stay, the presence or not of contamination in the catheter and its relationship with the calcifications found in them. We also carried out a metabolic-functional study of each patient, determining the urinary pH and the serum and urinary calcium, phosphorous and uric acid concentrations, and observing their possible influence on the above-mentioned complications. Of the 25 catheters studied, we observed calcification in 11 cases (44%).

[Kidney pelvis calcification around a double-J ureteral catheter which was impossible to extract. Apropos of a case].

We present a case of pyelorenal calcification on double-J ureteral catheter, which made endoscopic extraction impossible. We review the literature and describe the incidence, methods of diagnosis and treatment of this complication, as well as the means used to avoid it.

[Modification of the echographic pattern of carcinoma of the prostate treated with Lh-rh agonists].

We present the results of a study undertaken to assess the echo patterns and prostate size in 13 patients with prostatic carcinoma treated with Lh-rh agonists. The study revealed a gradual reduction of the anteroposterior and transverse diameters. After 12 months, these were 28% and 22% of their respective initial values.

[Aztreonam versus tobramycin in acute pyelonephritis. A comparative study].

We performed a comparative study between the monobactam antibiotic aztreonam and the aminoglycoside tobramycin in patients diagnosed as having acute pyelonephritis. The respective doses were 1 gr. IM daily for 7 days, and 100 mgr.

Immunoprophylaxis with Calmette-Guérin bacillus in recurrent superficial bladder tumors.

26 patients with superficial bladder cancer underwent complete removal of tumors by transurethral resection and entered a prospective trial of immunoprophylaxis with Calmette-Guérin bacillus (BCG). The entire group had recurrent tumors that failed to respond to previous prophylaxis with thiotepa (13 patients) or other drugs (13 patients). Intravesical administration of BCG reduced the recurrence index and increased the disease-free interval.

[Directed chemotherapy in superficial carcinoma of the bladder conditioned by the knowledge of recurrence factors].

A retrospective study of 56 patients (23 primary and 36 relapsing) with superficial vesical carcinoma and treated with transurethral resection and directed chemoprophylaxis was done. Directed chemoprophylaxis is define as a specific type of adjuvant therapy where the drug is determined by a previous study with multivariant analysis of the relapse risk factors of a group of 385 cases, where the chemotherapeutic agent was also a variable. The drug is specified by the data introduced in a microprocessor program.