Eco-Innovation in the Food Industry: Exploring Consumer Motivations in an Emerging Market.

The utilization of eco-innovative products has witnessed a surge in adoption, driven by their inherent capacity to address pressing environmental concerns. To comprehensively fathom the underlying motivations propelling consumers to embrace these products, we conducted an in-depth investigation employing "The Not Company" (Chile) as a compelling case study. We conducted qualitative interviews with a cohort of 20 Chilean consumers, guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior theoretical framework.

Withanolide-Type Steroids from as Potential Anti-Leukemic Agents.

Leukemia is a blood or bone marrow cancer with increasing incidence in developed regions of the world. Currently, there is an ongoing need for novel and safe anti-leukemic agents, as no fully effective chemotherapy is available to treat this life-threatening disease. Herein, are reported the isolation, structural elucidation, and anti-leukemic evaluation of twenty-nine withanolide-type steroids (-) from .

Expanding the Chemical Space of Withaferin A by Incorporating Silicon To Improve Its Clinical Potential on Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells.

Ovarian cancer represents the seventh most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Herein, we report on the development of a withaferin A (WA)-silyl ether library with 30 analogues reported for the first time. Cytotoxicity assays on human epithelial ovarian carcinoma cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant cell lines identified eight analogues displaying nanomolar potency (IC ranging from 1 to 32 nM), higher than that of the lead compound and reference drug.

Structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of withaferin A-analogues as potent apoptotic inducers.

Apoptosis inducers represent an attractive approach for the discovery and development of anticancer agents. Herein, we report on the development by molecular fine tuning of a withaferin A-based library of 63 compounds (2-64), 53 of them reported for the first time. Their antiproliferative evaluation on HeLa, A-549 and MCF-7 human tumor cell lines identified fifteen analogues displaying higher activity (IC values ranging 0.

Withaferin A-related steroids from Withania aristata exhibit potent antiproliferative activity by inducing apoptosis in human tumor cells.

Six new withanolides (1-6) along with eleven known ones (7-17) were isolated from the leaves of Withania aristata. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Semisynthesis of the minority metabolites 7 and 15 from compounds 6 and 9, respectively, as starting material, was performed.

Terpenoids from Maytenus species and assessment of their reversal activity against a multidrug-resistant Leishmania tropica line.

The phytochemical analysis of the root bark extracts of the Chilean Maytenus, M. chubutensis, and M. magellanica (Celastraceae), led to the isolation of one phenolic nortriterpene, 1, and one diterpene with a nor-ent-kaurene skeleton, 2.

Metabolites from Withania aristata with potential phytotoxic activity.

A series of apocarotenoids (1-8) and one carotenoid (9) were isolated from the leaves of Withania aristata. In addition, the tetraacetylated apocarotenoid glucosides 10-12 were obtained by acetylation, with derivative 9-hydroxymegastigma-4,6E-dien-3-one 9-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside tetraacetate (10) being described for the first time. The structures have been determined by spectroscopic and spectrometric means, mainly NMR and ESI-MS, and comparison with data reported in the literature.

Withanolides from Withania aristata and their cytotoxic activity.

Seven new withanolides (1-7), along with three known ones (8-10), were isolated from the leaves of Withania aristata. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR experiments and spectrometric techniques, and the absolute configuration of 1 and 2 was established by CD analysis. In the search for new cytotoxic compounds from Withania species, the isolated compounds 1-9, along with two derivatives, were assayed for their cytotoxicity against HeLa, MCF-7 and A-549 human tumor cell lines.

Quantitative spatial distribution of sirolimus and polymers in drug-eluting stents using confocal Raman microscopy.

Raman spectroscopy was used to differentiate each component found in the CYPHER Sirolimus-eluting Coronary Stent. The unique spectral features identified for each component were then used to develop three separate calibration curves to describe the solid phase distribution found on drug-polymer coated stents. The calibration curves were obtained by analyzing confocal Raman spectral depth profiles from a set of 16 unique formulations of drug-polymer coatings sprayed onto stents and planar substrates.

Long-term effects of polymer-based, slow-release, sirolimus-eluting stents in a porcine coronary model.

Background: Stent-based delivery of sirolimus (SRL) has shown reduction in neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the chronic vascular response and the expression of cell cycle regulators after SRL-eluting stent implantation in a porcine coronary model.

Methods: Forty-nine pigs underwent placement of 109 oversized stents (control, n=54, SRL (140 microg/cm(2)), n=55) in the coronary arteries with histologic analysis and Western blot (PCNA, p27(kip1), CD45, MCP-1, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-beta) at 3, 30, 90 or 180 days.

Twenty-eight-day efficacy and phamacokinetics of the sirolimus-eluting stent.

Background: In-stent restenosis is caused by neointimal hyperplasia. Sirolimus (rapamycin; Wyeth Research, Radnor, Pennsylvania, USA) inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and we evaluated the efficacy of sirolimus in reducing neointimal formation in a rabbit iliac model and in-vivo pharmacokinetics in the porcine coronary model.

Design: Randomized, blinded, prospective animal study.

Stent-based delivery of sirolimus reduces neointimal formation in a porcine coronary model.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of stent-based delivery of sirolimus (SRL) alone or in combination with dexamethasone (DEX) to reduce in-stent neointimal hyperplasia. SRL is a potent immunosuppressive agent that inhibits SMC proliferation by blocking cell cycle progression.

Methods And Results: Stents were coated with a nonerodable polymer containing 185 microgram SRL, 350 microgram DEX, or 185 microgram SRL and 350 microgram DEX.

Heparin-coated stents.

Stenting has revolutionized the field of interventional cardiology. However, early studies revealed a high incidence of thrombotic occlusion of the stent and significant bleeding complications resulting from the use of intensive anticoagulation after implantation. One of the strategies used to reduce stent thrombosis and hemorrhagic complications has been to decrease the thrombogenicity of the stent surface.

Diabetes in the Americas.

Diabetes mellitus is an important cause of disability and death throughout the Americas. Of the three main types (insulin-dependent, noninsulin-dependent, and malnutrition-related), virtually all cases in the Americas are either insulin-dependent (generally assessed in terms of incidence and usually occurring in subjects under 30) or noninsulin-dependent (generally assessed in terms of prevalence and usually occurring in subjects over 30). Data on noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in various parts of the Americas point to prevalences ranging from 1.

Immobilization of poly(ethylene glycol) onto a poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel: 2. Evaluation of thrombogenicity.

Immobilized polyethylene glycol (PEG) reduced the amount of bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorbed on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel, but did not reduce the platelet reactivity of the hydrogel surface. PEG, molecular weight (MW) 2000 or 5000, with or without a monomethoxy end group, was covalently bound to glutaraldehyde-crosslinked PVA either through a cyclic acetal or an urethane functional group with a surface coverage of 70% (as measured by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy [XPS]). Immobilization of monomethoxy-PEG via a cyclic acetal reduced BSA adsorption to PVA from 11 +/- 2 nmol/m2 to 3.

Does polyethylene oxide possess a low thrombogenicity?

Because of the 'bland' nature of polyethylene oxide towards proteins and cells, considerable effort has been devoted to preparing surfaces rich in polyethylene oxide, using block copolymers, surface immobilization or other methods. It is clear that these modifications result in reduced levels of cell (including platelet) adhesion and protein adsorption, when compared to unmodified and typically hydrophobic substrates. It is far less clear whether the reduced adhesion or adsorption is due specifically to the thermodynamic effects of polyethylene oxide or to the increase in surface hydrophilicity after its immobilization.

Heparin-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel: preparation and assessment of thrombogenicity.

Heparin was immobilized on to poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (PVA) through the free isocyanate end-group on a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG2000) which had been previously covalently linked to the hydrogel via a urethane moiety. The intention was to reduce the platelet reactivity of the PVA while also suppressing fibrin formation. Elemental nitrogen analysis revealed that the total amount of bound heparin was 19 +/- 7 mumol/g of dried gel.

Immobilization of prostaglandin PGF2 alpha on poly(vinyl alcohol).

Prostaglandin PGF2 alpha was immobilized onto a poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (PVA) by reaction of a PGF2 alpha-polylysine adduct with glutaraldehyde. The PGF2 alpha-polylysine adduct was prepared by carbodiimide activation of the carboxyl group of PGF2 alpha followed by coupling to the lysine. The adduct was separated from the unreacted PGF2 alpha by dialysis and the purified product was found to contain congruent to 44 mol of PGF2 alpha/mol of adduct involving congruent to 40% of the amines of the polylysine.

Studies of the mode of action of antitumor triazenes and triazines. 6. 1-Aryl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyltriazenes: synthesis, chemistry, and antitumor properties.

1-Aryl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-3-alkyltriazenes [ArN = NN(CH3)CH2OH] have been synthesized by diazonium coupling to the carbinolamine (RNHCH2OH), generated in situ from the alkylamine and formaldehyde mixtures. The (hydroxymethyl)triazene structure has been confirmed by IR, NMR, and mass spectral analysis and also by the preparation of a crystalline benzoate derivative. The mass spectra of the (hydroxymethyl)triazenes suggest that they fragment by loss of formaldehyde to give the methyltriazene, which is also the product of hydrolysis in solution.

Triazene metabolism. II. Transportability and enzyme inhibitory characteristics of metabolites of antitumor dimethyltriazenes.

A series of dimethyltriazenes (Ar . N==N . NMe2), monomethyltriazenes (Ar .

Composition of tobaccos from countries with high and low incidences of lung cancer. I. Selenium, polonium-210, Alternaria, tar, and nicotine.

Tobaccos from countries with high and low incidences of lung cancer were analyzed. Tobacco concentrations of polonium-210 were similar in cigarettes from high- and low-incidence countries, as were levels of cigarette smoke tar and nicotine. Tobaccos from low-incidence countries had significantly lower Alternaria spore counts.