URETERAL TRIPLICATION ACCIDENTALLY FOUND DURING CERVICAL CARCINOMA OPERATION.

Ureteral triplication is a very rare anomaly found in the upper urinary tract. This condition can be connected with a higher incidence of congenital anomalies and predisposition for urinary infections. Operative procedure is considered in cases where symptoms reduce the patient's quality of life.

Diagnostic approach for precancerous and early invasive cancerous lesions of the uterine cervix.

Invasive cervical cancer is second most common female cancer worldwide with about 493,000 new cases per year. About 273,000 women die from cervical cancer each year, 85% of which take place in developing countries. Cervical cancer has a slow progress, from pre-invasive cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) to invasive phases, meaning that the disease can be diagnosed while in the phase of pre-invasive lesion, and treated successfully thanks to the regular screening of asymptomatic women (the Pap smear).