Rhinoplasty: the nasal bones - anatomy and analysis.

Background: The analysis of nasal anatomy, and especially the nasal bones including the osseocartilaginous vault, is significant for functional and aesthetic reasons.

Objectives: The objective was to understand the anatomy of the nasal bones by establishing new descriptions, terms, and definitions because the existing parameters were insufficient. Adequate terminology was employed to harmonize the anthropometric and clinical measurements.

[Intradermal tests with vasomotor agents in chronic noninfectious rhinitis].

The aim of this prospective study was to examine the skin reactivity to four vasomotor agents in chronic, non-infectious rhinitis patients, and to determine whether non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) patients differ from allergic rhinitis (AR) patients. Seventy four patients with NAR and 44 with AR were subjected to intradermal testing with papaverine (5 mg/ml), metacholine (0.02, 0.