Neurexin facilitates glycosylation of Dystroglycan to sustain muscle architecture and function in Drosophila.

Neurexin, a molecule associated with autism spectrum disorders, is thought to function mainly in neurons. Recently, it was reported that Neurexin is also present in muscle, but the role of Neurexin in muscle is still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the overexpression of Neurexin in muscles effectively restored the locomotor function of Drosophila neurexin mutants, while rescuing effects are observed within the nervous.

Influencing factors on ammonia emissions from gasoline vehicles: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ammonia, a significant precursor for secondary inorganic aerosols, plays a pivotal role in new particle formation. Inventories and source apportionment studies have identified vehicular exhaust as a primary source of atmospheric ammonia in urban regions. Existing research on the factors influencing ammonia emissions from gasoline vehicles exhibits substantial inconsistencies in both test results and analyses.

Transmission efficiency of one tooth difference sine tooth profile planetary reducer.

The structural size of space exploration and unmanned aerial vehicle manipulator is required to be as small as possible, and the weight must be as light as possible. However, the existing reducers have difficulties in achieving lightweight robot joint drive systems. For it, this paper proposes a single tooth difference continuous sine tooth profile K-H-V type planetary reducer in which pin type equi-speed output mechanism is used.

Patronin regulates presynaptic microtubule organization and neuromuscular junction development in .

Synapses are fundamental components of the animal nervous system. Synaptic cytoskeleton is essential for maintaining proper neuronal development and wiring. Perturbations in neuronal microtubules (MTs) are correlated with numerous neuropsychiatric disorders.

Development of nanosecond spike pulse power supply for electrochemical micromachining.

The use of pulse voltage can greatly improve the precision of electrochemical microfabrication, and the narrower the pulse width of the applied pulse voltage signal, the higher the machining precision. However, the commonly used chopper circuit topology of pulse power supplies is limited by the maximum switching frequency of the field-effect transistor. To address this problem, this paper proposes a nanosecond pulse electrochemical micromachining power supply based on a differential circuit.

Ultrahigh bandwidth measuring approach of an I-FOG based on axial magnetic sensitivity.

The bandwidth is one of the key indicators of the interferometric fiber optic gyroscope (I-FOG) in the application with high frequency jitter. The traditional bandwidth measurement equipment, such as the angular vibration table, can only provide angular vibrations of hundreds of hertz and cannot meet the measurement needs of a high bandwidth gyro. We propose an approach, with which a signal of several thousand hertz can be provided and can measure a high bandwidth of I-FOGs.

Velocity and Out-Step Frequencies for a Micro-Swimmer Based on Spiral Carbon Nanotubes.

The existing producing processes of micro spiral swimmers are complex. Here, a microswimmer with a magnetic layer on the surface of the spiral carbon nanotubes is proposed, which has a simple producing process. For the microswimmer, its equations of the velocities and out-step frequency are deduced.

Evaluating city road dust emission characteristics with a dynamic method: A case study in Luoyang, China.

Road dust, a significant contributor to non-exhaust particulate matter emissions in urban transport, poses considerable health risks, necessitating accurate and high-resolution data for effective control. The traditional AP-42 method offers data on point-specific dust emissions, while vehicle-based testing ascertains the relative emission intensity in the road network. However, a clear mathematical relationship between these measurements has been elusive, limiting efficiency in emission control.

Multi-field coupled dynamics for a movable tooth drive system integrated with shape memory alloys.

The harmonic movable tooth drive system integrated with shape memory alloys has a small size and a large output torque. Its dynamics performance is the key factor for evaluating the drive system. Here, for the drive system, based on its structure and working principle, the coupled dynamics equations are deduced.

Electrochemical micro-machining based on double feedback circuits.

Pulsed electrochemical micromachining accuracy predominantly depends on pulse duration. To obtain high accuracy, an expensive power source with ultra-short pulse duration is needed. An electrochemical micromachining method based on double feedback circuits is proposed in this work to achieve this aim.

A Piezoelectrically Excited ZnO Nanowire Mass Sensor with Closed-Loop Detection at Room Temperature.

One-dimensional nanobeam mass sensors offer an unprecedented ability to measure tiny masses or even the mass of individual molecules or atoms, enabling many interesting applications in the fields of mass spectrometry and atomic physics. However, current nano-beam mass sensors suffer from poor real-time test performance and high environment requirements. This paper proposes a piezoelectrically excited ZnO nanowire (NW) mass sensor with closed-loop detection at room temperature to break this limitation.

Image Semantic Recognition and Segmentation Algorithm of Colorimetric Sensor Array Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network.

Semantic feature recognition in colour images is required for identifying uneven patterns in object detection and classification. The semantic features are identified by segmenting the colorimetric sensor array features through machine learning paradigms. Semantic segmentation is a method for identifying distinct elements in an image.

A Precise Closed-Loop Controlled ZnO Nanowire Resonator Operating at Room Temperature.

To realize the real-time measurement of masses of nanoparticles, virus molecules, organic macromolecules, and gas molecules, and to analyze their physical and chemical properties, a ZnO nanowire (NW) resonator operating at room temperature with an ultrahigh resonant frequency, real-time detection, and high precision was designed and developed in this study. The machining method is simple and easy to integrate into an integrated circuit. A closed-loop detection system based on a phase-locked loop (PLL) and frequency modulation technology (FM) was used to perform closed-loop testing of electromagnetically excited ZnO NW.

A Security Concept Based on Scaler Distribution of a Novel Intrusion Detection Device for Wireless Sensor Networks in a Smart Environment.

Following the significant improvement of technology in terms of data collection and treatment during the last decades, the notion of a smart environment has widely taken an important pedestal in the science industry. Built in order to better manage assets, smart environments provide a livable environment for users or citizens through the deployment of sensors responsible for data collection. Much research has been done to provide security to the involved data, which are extremely sensitive.

NLRP1 inflammasome contributes to chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder, and inflammation has been considered crucial components of the pathogenesis of depression. NLRP1 inflammasome-driven inflammatory response is believed to participate in many neurological disorders. However, it is unclear whether NLRP1 inflammasome is implicated in the development of depression.

Spatiotemporal disequilibrium and spillover effect of fine particulate matter across China.

Massive monitoring data requires effective statistical analysis methods. This paper aims to visualize the spatiotemporal characteristics and spillover effect of air pollutants. Ground-based PM data in 336 cities across China revealed a tough but improving situation.

Optically guided level set for underwater object segmentation.

Combining underwater optical imaging principles and the level set, this paper proposes a novel type of level set method called optically guided level set. This novel method can transform optical challenges in underwater environments (such as the illumination bias and wavelength-selective absorption) into valuable guidance for underwater object segmentation. Using the underwater optical guidance, our novel method can generate accurate object segmentation results by suitable initialization and regular evolving of the level set.

A Micro-Resonant Gas Sensor with Nanometer Clearance between the Pole Plates.

In micro-resonant gas sensors, the capacitive detection is widely used because of its simple structure. However, its shortcoming is a weak signal output caused by a small capacitance change. Here, we reduced the initial clearance between the pole plates to the nanometer level, and increased the capacitance between the pole plates and its change during resonator vibration.

Characteristics of PM Concentrations across Beijing during 2013-2015.

High concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and frequent air pollution episodes in Beijing have attracted widespread attention. This paper utilizes data from the new air pollution network in China to examine the current spatial and temporal variability of PM at 12 monitoring sites in Beijing over a recent 2-year period (April 2013) to March 2015). The long term (2-year) average concentration was 83 µg·m, well above Chinese and international standards.

Spatiotemporal characteristics of PM and PM at urban and corresponding background sites in 23 cities in China.

Air pollution episodes in China are frequent and a more comprehensive understanding of pollution sources and impacts is needed to design appropriate strategies and set emission reduction targets. This study analyzes PM and PM concentrations measured in 23 cities at 178 urban sites and at 23 corresponding "urban contrast" sites in China with the goals of understanding spatial and temporal trends and quantifying the regional component of PM pollution. The contrast sites, located an average of 29km from cities in the upwind direction, are intended to represent "background" levels.

Distance effects in electrochemical micromachining.

Considering exponential dependence of currents on double-layer voltage and the feedback effect of the electrolyte resistance, a distance effect in electrochemical micromachining is found, namely that both time constant and double-layer voltage depend on the separation of electrodes. The double-layer voltage is the real voltage used in processing. Under DC voltage, the apparent voltages between two electrodes are constant for different separations, but the real voltages change with the separations.

Torque for an inertial piezoelectric rotary motor.

For a novel inertial piezoelectric rotary motor, the equation of the strain energy in the piezoceramic bimorph and the equations of the strain energy and the kinetic energy in the rotor are given. Based on them, the dynamic equation of the motor is obtained. Using these equations, the inertial driving torque of the motor is investigated.

The nonlinear chemo-mechanic coupled dynamics of the F 1 -ATPase molecular motor.

The ATP synthase consists of two opposing rotary motors, F0 and F1, coupled to each other. When the F1 motor is not coupled to the F0 motor, it can work in the direction hydrolyzing ATP, as a nanomotor called F1-ATPase. It has been reported that the stiffness of the protein varies nonlinearly with increasing load.

Self-adaptive image reconstruction inspired by insect compound eye mechanism.

Inspired by the mechanism of imaging and adaptation to luminosity in insect compound eyes (ICE), we propose an ICE-based adaptive reconstruction method (ARM-ICE), which can adjust the sampling vision field of image according to the environment light intensity. The target scene can be compressive, sampled independently with multichannel through ARM-ICE. Meanwhile, ARM-ICE can regulate the visual field of sampling to control imaging according to the environment light intensity.