Genome-Wide Dissection of Selection on microRNA Target Genes Involved in Rice Flower Development.

Although genome-wide studies have identified a number of candidate regions evolving under selection in domesticated animals and cultivated plants, few attempts have been made, from the point of a definite biological process, to assess sequence variation and characterize the regimes of the selection on miRNA-associated motifs. Here, we performed a genome-wide dissection of nucleotide variation and selection of miRNA targets associated with rice flower development. By sampling and resequencing 26 miRNA targets for globally diverse representative populations of Asian cultivated rice and wild relatives, we found that purifying selection has reduced genetic variation at the conserved miRNA binding sites on the whole, and highly conserved miRNA binding sequences were maintained in the studied rice populations.

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation improves anxiety symptoms and cortical activity during verbal fluency task in Parkinson's disease with anxiety.

Objective: To investigate the effect of 20/4Hz transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on anxiety symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) and the potential neural mechanism.

Methods: In the current randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial, 30 PD patients with anxiety (PD-A), 30 PD patients without anxiety (PD-nA), and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. PD-A patients were randomly (1:1) allotted to real taVNS stimulation group (RS) or sham stimulation group (SS) to explore the efficacy of a two-week treatment of taVNS to promote anxiety recovery.

Chromosome-scale genome assembly of oil-tea tree Camellia crapnelliana.

Camellia crapnelliana Tutch., belonging to the Theaceae family, is an excellent landscape tree species with high ornamental values. It is particularly an important woody oil-bearing plant species with high ecological, economic, and medicinal values.

Ancient Duplication and Lineage-Specific Transposition Determine Evolutionary Trajectory of Subfamily across Angiosperms.

/ transcription factor family plays an important role in plant development and stress responses. Previous studies have shed light on the evolutionary trajectory of the and subfamilies. However, knowledge about the evolutionary history of the subfamily in angiosperms still remains limited.

Complete Mitochondrial Genome Assembly of an Upland Wild Rice Species, and Comparative Mitochondrial Genomic Analyses of the Genus .

Wild upland rice species, including , possess unique characteristics that distinguish them from other species. For instance, characteristically has a GG genome and is accordingly classified as a basal lineage of the genus . Here, we deployed a versatile hybrid approach by integrating Illumina and PacBio sequencing data to generate a high-quality mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) assembly for .

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Asian Cultivated Rice and Its Wild Progenitor () Has Revealed Evolutionary Innovation of the Pentatricopeptide Repeat Gene Family through Gene Duplication.

The pentatricopeptide repeat () gene family is one of the largest gene families in land plants. However, current knowledge about the evolution of the gene family remains largely limited. In this study, we performed a comparative genomic analysis of the gene family in and its wild progenitor, , and outlined a comprehensive landscape of gene duplications.

Electromagnetic force investigation of electromagnets with variable pole area in an electromagnetic diaphragm pump.

Electromagnetic diaphragm pump is a kind of widely applied diaphragm pump that has promising sealing performance, simple structure and low power loss. Planar pole electromagnet is a significant component of the electromagnetic diaphragm pump. However, the sharply changing displacement-force characteristics of the planar pole electromagnet do not match the constant load characteristics of the electromagnetic diaphragm pump.

Genome size variation and polyploidy prevalence in the genus are associated with the global dispersal in arid area.

Background: Biologists have long debated the drivers of the genome size evolution and variation ever since Darwin. Assumptions for the adaptive or maladaptive consequences of the associations between genome sizes and environmental factors have been proposed, but the significance of these hypotheses remains controversial. is a large genus in the grass family and is often used as crop or forage during the dry seasons.

Noncovalent interaction mechanism and functional properties of flavonoid glycoside-β-lactoglobulin complexes.

The interaction of flavonoid glycosides with milk protein and effects on the functional properties of flavonoid glycoside-β-lactoglobulin complexes are still inexplicit. The noncovalent interactions between flavonoid glycosides including quercetin (QE), quercitrin (QI), and rutin (RU) with β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) were determined by computer molecular docking and multispectral technique analysis. The fluorescence quenching results indicated that the flavonoid glycosides formed stable complexes with β-LG by the static quenching mechanism.

Meliaceae genomes provide insights into wood development and limonoids biosynthesis.

Meliaceae is a useful plant family owing to its high-quality timber and its many limonoids that have pharmacological and biological activities. Although some genomes of Meliaceae species have been reported, many questions regarding their unique family features, namely wood quality and natural products, have not been answered. In this study, we provide the whole-genome sequence of Melia azedarach comprising 237.

Effects of Moderate Enzymatic Hydrolysis on Structure and Functional Properties of Pea Protein.

Pea protein (PP) was moderately hydrolyzed using four proteolytic enzymes including flavourzyme, neutrase, alcalase, and trypsin to investigate the influence of the degree of hydrolysis () with 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% on the structural and functional properties of PP. Enzymatic modification treatment distinctly boosted the solubility of PP. The solubility of PP treated by trypsin was increased from 10.

Genome Size Variation and Evolution Driven by Transposable Elements in the Genus .

Genome size variation and evolutionary forces behind have been long pursued in flowering plants. The genus , consisting of approximately 25 wild species and two cultivated rice, harbors eleven extant genome types, six of which are diploid (AA, BB, CC, EE, FF, and GG) and five of which are tetraploid (BBCC, CCDD, HHJJ, HHKK, and KKLL). To obtain the most comprehensive knowledge of genome size variation in the genus , we performed flow cytometry experiments and estimated genome sizes of 166 accessions belonging to 16 non-AA genome species.

Evolution of Rosaceae Plastomes Highlights Unique Diversification and Independent Origins of Fruiting Cherry.

Rosaceae comprises numerous types of economically important fruits, ornamentals, and timber. The lack of plastome characteristics has blocked our understanding of the evolution of plastome and plastid genes of Rosaceae crops. Using comparative genomics and phylogenomics, we analyzed 121 Rosaceae plastomes of 54 taxa from 13 genera, predominantly including (true cherry) and its relatives.

Genome-Wide Analysis of Transcript Factors to Identify Genes Contributing to Photoperiodic Flowering in .

Photoperiod sensitivity is a dominant determinant for the phase transition in cereal crops. () transcription factors (TFs) are involved in many physiological functions including the regulation of the photoperiodic flowering. However, the functional roles of TFs have not been elucidated in the wild progenitors of crops.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Vahl. (Poaceae).

Vahl. belongs to the Pooideae subfamily of Poaceae. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the complete chloroplast genome of The complete chloroplast genome was 134,718 bp in size, including a large single-copy region of 80,540 bp, a small single-copy region of 11,806 bp and a pair of reverse repeats of 21,186 bp in size.

Characterization of the chloroplast genome sequence of (L.C.Chia, H.L.Fung & Y.L.Yang) N.H.Xia (Poaceae).

(L.C.Chia, H.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Hack. (Poaceae).

Hack. belongs to the Arundionideae subfamily of Poaceae. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the complete chloroplast genome of The complete chloroplast genome was 136,919 bp in size, including a large single copy region of 82,039 bp, a small single-copy region of 12,108 bp and a pair of reverse repeats of 21,386 bp in size.

Characterization of chloroplast genome of , a highly adaptable cereal crop with high nutritional reputation.

(L.) Gaertn. is a kind of highly adaptable cereal crop with a high nutritional value with the reputation of 'black pearl'.

MiRNA-199a-5p targets WNT2 to regulate depression through the CREB/BDNF signaling in hippocampal neuron.

Introduction: This study mainly investigated the role of miR-199a-5p in depression.

Methods: qRT-PCR and western blotting were employed to detect the expressions of miR-199a-5p, CREB and BDNF. Sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, and tail suspension test were performed to evaluate depression-related symptoms.

Gapless indica rice genome reveals synergistic contributions of active transposable elements and segmental duplications to rice genome evolution.

The ultimate goal of genome assembly is a high-accuracy gapless genome. Here, we report a new assembly pipeline that is used to produce a gapless genome for the indica rice cultivar Minghui 63. The resulting 397.

Draft genome of the herbaceous bamboo Raddia distichophylla.

Bamboos are important nontimber forest plants widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, America, and Pacific islands. They comprise the Bambusoideae in the grass family (Poaceae), including approximately 1700 described species in 127 genera. In spite of the widespread uses of bamboo for food, construction, and bioenergy, the gene repertoire of bamboo still remains largely unexplored.

Effects of proanthocyanidins on the pasting, rheological and retrogradation properties of potato starch.

Background: Proanthocyanidins (PAS) were complexed with potato starch (PS) to prepare polyphenol-starch complexes. The pasting, rheological and retrogradation properties of the complexes were investigated.

Results: The addition of PAS markedly affected the pasting, rheological and retrogradation properties of PS, especially at a concentration of 5% (w/w).

SMRT-based mitochondrial genome of the edible mushroom .

Pers. is a highly-prized mushroom for its edible and medical values. In this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome of combining both PacBio and Illumina sequencing technologies.

Improved hybrid de novo genome assembly and annotation of African wild rice, Oryza longistaminata, from Illumina and PacBio sequencing reads.

African wild rice Oryza longistaminata, one of the eight AA- genome species in the genus Oryza, possesses highly valued traits, such as the rhizomatousness for perennial rice breeding, strong tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and high biomass production on poor soils. To obtain the high-quality reference genome for O. longistaminata we employed a hybrid assembly approach through incorporating Illumina and PacBio sequencing datasets.

SMRT- and Illumina-based RNA-seq analyses unveil the ginsinoside biosynthesis and transcriptomic complexity in Panax notoginseng.

Panax notoginseng is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese herbs with particularly valued roots. Triterpenoid saponins are mainly specialized secondary metabolites, which medically act as bioactive components. Knowledge of the ginsenoside biosynthesis in P.