Genomic insights support the taxonomic differentiation of Orla-Jensen 1919 (Approved Lists 1980) and Andrewes and Horder 1906 (Approved Lists 1980) as individual species.

is widely used as a starter culture in the production of cheese, yoghurt and various cultured dairy products, which holds considerable significance in both research and practical applications within the food industry. Throughout history, the taxonomy of has undergone several adjustments and revisions. In 1984, based on the result of DNA-DNA hybridization, was reclassified as subsp.

Development and validation of a PMA-qPCR method for accurate quantification of viable in probiotics.

The effectiveness of probiotic products hinges on the viability and precise quantification of probiotic strains. This study addresses this crucial requirement by developing and validating a precise propidium monoazide combination with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PMA-qPCR) method for quantifying viable in probiotic formulations. Initially, species-specific primers were meticulously designed based on core genes from the whole-genome sequence (WGS) of , and they underwent rigorous validation against 462 WGSs, 25 target strains, and 37 non-target strains across various taxonomic levels, ensuring extensive inclusivity and exclusivity.

Identification and quantification of viable in probiotics using validated PMA-qPCR method.

The identification and quantification of viable bacteria at the species/strain level in compound probiotic products is challenging now. Molecular biology methods, e.g.

Development of a single nucleotide polymorphism-based strain-identified method for Streptococcus thermophilus CICC 6038 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus CICC 6047 using pan-genomics analysis.

The health benefits conferred by probiotics is specific to individual probiotic strains, highlighting the importance of identifying specific strains for research and production purposes. Streptococcus thermophilus CICC 6038 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus CICC 6047 are exceedingly valuable for commercial use with an excellent mixed-culture fermentation.

Rapid sand filtration for <10 μm-sized microplastic removal in tap water treatment: Efficiency and adsorption mechanisms.

The omnipresence of microplastics (MPs) in potable water has become a major concern due to their potential disruptive effect on human health. Therefore, the effective removal of MPs in drinking water is essential for life preservation. In this study, tap water containing microplastic <10 μm in size was treated using constructed pilot-scale rapid sand filtration (RSF) system to investigate the removal efficiency and the mechanisms involved.

Comparison of Nanotrap Microbiome A Particles, membrane filtration, and skim milk workflows for SARS-CoV-2 concentration in wastewater.

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA monitoring in wastewater has become an important tool for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) surveillance. Grab (quantitative) and passive samples (qualitative) are two distinct wastewater sampling methods. Although many viral concentration methods such as the usage of membrane filtration and skim milk are reported, these methods generally require large volumes of wastewater, expensive lab equipment, and laborious processes.

When case reporting becomes untenable: Can sewer networks tell us where COVID-19 transmission occurs?

Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater is a valuable approach to track COVID-19 transmission. Designing wastewater surveillance (WWS) with representative sampling sites and quantifiable results requires knowledge of the sewerage system and virus fate and transport. We developed a multi-level WWS system to track COVID-19 in Atlanta using an adaptive nested sampling strategy.

Induction of bacteria in biofilm into a VBNC state by chlorine and monitoring of biofilm structure changes by means of OCT.

The occurrence of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria in drinking water may result in significant underestimation of viable cell counts detected by culture-based method, thus raising microbiological safety concern. Chlorine disinfection has been widely used in drinking water treatment to ensure microbiological safety. However, the effect of residual chlorine on inducing bacteria in biofilms into a VBNC state remains unclear.

A novel qPCR-based method to quantify seven phyla of common algae in freshwater and its application in water sources.

The light microscope is widely used to count algae, however, there are some disadvantages associated with this method, such as time consuming and laborious. In this study, a qPCR-based method was established for quantifying seven phyla of common algae in freshwater, including Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta, Bacillariophyta, Dinophyta, Cryptophyta, and Chrysophyta. The accuracy of qPCR in estimating algal cells was confirmed by comparing it with the microscopic counting.

Grassland ecology system: A critical reservoir and dissemination medium of antibiotic resistance in Xilingol Pasture, Inner Mongolia.

Antibiotic resistance is a major threat to human health. It is necessary to explore all the potential sources and comprehend the pathways that antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are transmitted. In this study, by applying high-throughput quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing, ARGs and microbial community structure were determined, to understand the reservoirs and spread of ARGs in the Xilingol grassland system.

A Defect Detection Method for Rail Surface and Fasteners Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network.

As a result of long-term pressure from train operations and direct exposure to the natural environment, rails, fasteners, and other components of railway track lines inevitably produce defects, which have a direct impact on the safety of train operations. In this study, a multiobject detection method based on deep convolutional neural network that can achieve nondestructive detection of rail surface and fastener defects is proposed. First, rails and fasteners on the railway track image are localized by the improved YOLOv5 framework.

Assessment of the UV/Chlorine Process in the Disinfection of : Efficiency and Mechanism.

UV irradiation and chlorination have been widely used for water disinfection. However, there are some limitations, such as the risk of generating viable but nonculturable bacteria and bacteria reactivation when using UV irradiation or chlorination alone. This study comprehensively evaluated the feasibility of the UV/chlorine process in drinking water disinfection, and was selected as the target microorganism.

Accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes in full-scale drinking water biological activated carbon (BAC) filters during backwash cycles.

Biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration, a process widely used in drinking water treatment, was recently reported to harbor antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This emerging contamination is poorly understood. This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of ARGs and bacterial community in full-scale BAC filters during the backwash cycle using high-throughput qPCR and high-throughput sequencing.

Evolution and rapid spread of a reassortant A(H3N2) virus that predominated the 2017-2018 influenza season.

The 2017-2018 North American influenza season caused more hospitalizations and deaths than any year since the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. The majority of recorded influenza infections were caused by A(H3N2) viruses, with most of the virus's North American diversity falling into the A2 clade. Within A2, we observe a subclade which we call A2/re that rose to comprise almost 70 per cent of A(H3N2) viruses circulating in North America by early 2018.

Detection and distribution of vbnc/viable pathogenic bacteria in full-scale drinking water treatment plants.

Viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria have attracted widespread attention since they are inherently undetected by traditional culture-dependent methods. Importantly, VBNC bacteria could resuscitate under favorable conditions leading to significant public health concerns. Although the total number of viable bacteria has been theorized to be far greater than those that can be cultured, there have been no reports quantifying VBNC pathogenic bacteria in full-scale drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs).

Analysis of microbial contamination of household water purifiers.

Household water purifiers are increasingly used to treat drinking water at the household level, but their influence on the microbiological safety of drinking water has rarely been assessed. In this study, representative purifiers, based on different filtering processes, were analyzed for their impact on effluent water quality. The results showed that purifiers reduced chemical qualities such as turbidity and free chlorine.

Profiling the microbial contamination in aviation fuel from an airport.

Microbial contamination during fuel storage can cause fuel system fouling and corrosion. Characterizing microbial contamination is critical for preventing and solving these problems. In this study, culture-based combing with the culture-independent methods, were used to profile the microbial contamination in aviation fuel.

Population and single cell metabolic activity of UV-induced VBNC bacteria determined by CTC-FCM and DO-labeled Raman spectroscopy.

The occurrence of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria will result in significant underestimation of viable bacterial counts in drinking water. Whereas, much is unknown in characterizing their viability. In this study, two environmental isolates (Aeromonas sp.

Organic carbon: An overlooked factor that determines the antibiotic resistome in drinking water sand filter biofilm.

Biofilter, an essential water treatment process, is reported to be the harbor of bacterial antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Due to the oligotrophic characteristic of source water, filter biofilm is largely influenced by the concentration of organic carbon. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of organic carbon concentration on shaping bacterial antibiotic resistome in filter biofilm.

Sox7 negatively regulates prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression through PSMA-enhancer.

Background: PSMA expression in the prostate epithelium is controlled by a cis-element, PSMA enhancer (PSME). PSME contains multiple binding sites for Sox proteins, and in this study, we identified Sox7 protein as a negative regulator of PSMA expression through its interaction with PSME.

Methods: The statistical correlation between Sox7 and PSMA mRNA expression was evaluated using five prostate cancer studies from cBioportal.

Induction of Into a VBNC State by Continuous-Flow UVC and Subsequent Changes in Metabolic Activity at the Single-Cell Level.

A viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state of bacteria induced by disinfection in water treatment poses serious health risks because of possible resuscitation of VBNC cells during transportation. In this study, a setup using continuous-flow ultraviolet (UVC) irradiation ranging from 0 to 172.2 mJ cm was designed to simulate real-world disinfection in both drinking water (SDW) and reclaimed water (SRW) treatment plants.

Reduction of the fitness cost of antibiotic resistance caused by chromosomal mutations under poor nutrient conditions.

The prevalence of antibiotic resistance in drinking water system is pressing public health risk. Antibiotic resistance conferred by chromosomal mutations often produces fitness cost, which may affect its spread and persistence. In this study, the rifampin-resistant strains were competed with their wild-type counterparts at different nutrient levels.

Induction of Escherichia coli into a VBNC state through chlorination/chloramination and differences in characteristics of the bacterium between states.

Many pathogens can enter into a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state in response to harsh environmental stresses. Bacteria in this state can retain certain features of viable cells, such as cellular integrity, metabolic activity, or virulence and may present health risks associated with drinking water. In this study, we investigated the ability of chlorination and chloramination, which are widely used methods to disinfect drinking water, to induce Escherichia coli into a VBNC state.