A gut feeling of statin.

Statins, known as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are widely utilized to reduce blood cholesterol levels and possess pleiotropic effects, including the influence on inflammation and macrophage proliferation. Despite their significant impact in diminishing the incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality, individual responses to statin therapy vary considerably. Understanding this variability is essential for optimizing treatment outcomes and minimizing adverse effects.

Time-varying dynamic Bayesian network learning for an fMRI study of emotion processing.

This article presents a novel method for learning time-varying dynamic Bayesian networks. The proposed method breaks down the dynamic Bayesian network learning problem into a sequence of regression inference problems and tackles each problem using the Markov neighborhood regression technique. Notably, the method demonstrates scalability concerning data dimensionality, accommodates time-varying network structure, and naturally handles multi-subject data.

Case report: A case report and literature review about Pathological transformation of lung adenosquamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Lung adenosquamous carcinoma is a relatively rare pathological type in lung cancer. The incidence of gene mutation is lower than that of lung adenocarcinoma. However, the cases of pathological transformation after targeted treatment of EGFR gene mutation are more rare.

Markov neighborhood regression for statistical inference of high-dimensional generalized linear models.

High-dimensional inference is one of fundamental problems in modern biomedical studies. However, the existing methods do not perform satisfactorily. Based on the Markov property of graphical models and the likelihood ratio test, this article provides a simple justification for the Markov neighborhood regression method such that it can be applied to statistical inference for high-dimensional generalized linear models with mixed features.

Comparative Cardiovascular Outcomes of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to explore the cardiovascular outcomes of all the kind and dosages of sodium-glucose cotransport-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Method And Result: The Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases were systematically searched for studies to compare the therapeutic effects of different SGLT2 inhibitors in T2DM patients. The effect measurements estimate chosen were odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI).

Serum Anion Gap is Associated with Risk of All-Cause Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Purpose: Anion gap (AG) is a valuable and easily obtained clinical tool for differentially diagnosis of acid-base disorders. Current understanding of the prognostic impact of AG on mortality after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is limited. We aimed to investigate whether AG is a predictor of short-term and long-term all-cause mortality after AMI.

Adaptive Immune Response Signaling Is Suppressed in Ly6C Monocyte but Upregulated in Monocyte Subsets of Mice - Functional Implication in Atherosclerosis.

Rationale: Inflammatory monocyte (MC) subset differentiation is a major feature in tissue inflammatory and atherosclerosis. The underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.

Objective: This study aims to explore molecule targets and signaling which determinate immunological features in MC subsets.

HDL-C/apoA-I Ratio Is Associated with the Severity of Coronary Artery Stenosis in Diabetic Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Background: Emerging evidence demonstrates that the lipid metabolism in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) differs from nondiabetic patients. However, the distinct lipid profiles and their relationships with the severity of coronary artery stenosis and prognosis in patients with T2DM remain elusive.

Method And Result: This single-center, prospective cohort study enrolled 468 patients diagnosed with ACS undergoing coronary angiography, consisting of 314 non-DM and 154 DM patients.

Immunological Feature and Transcriptional Signaling of Ly6C Monocyte Subsets From Transcriptome Analysis in Control and Hyperhomocysteinemic Mice.

Background: Murine monocytes (MC) are classified into Ly6C and Ly6C MC. Ly6C MC is the pro-inflammatory subset and the counterpart of human CD14CD16 intermediate MC which contributes to systemic and tissue inflammation in various metabolic disorders, including hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). This study aims to explore molecule signaling mediating MC subset differentiation in HHcy and control mice.

Molecular basis and therapeutic implications of CD40/CD40L immune checkpoint.

The CD40 receptor and its ligand CD40L is one of the most critical molecular pairs of the stimulatory immune checkpoints. Both CD40 and CD40L have a membrane form and a soluble form generated by proteolytic cleavage or alternative splicing. CD40 and CD40L are widely expressed in various types of cells, among which B cells and myeloid cells constitutively express high levels of CD40, and T cells and platelets express high levels of CD40L upon activation.

Innate-adaptive immunity interplay and redox regulation in immune response.

Innate and adaptive immune cell activation and infiltration is the key characteristic of tissue inflammation. The innate immune system is the front line of host defense in which innate immune cells are activated by danger signals, including pathogen- and danger-associated molecular pattern, and metabolite-associated danger signal. Innate immunity activation can directly contribute to tissue inflammation or immune resolution by phagocytosis and secretion of biologically active molecules, or indirectly via antigen-presenting cell (APC) activation-mediated adaptive immune responses.

Metabolic Reprogramming in Immune Response and Tissue Inflammation.

Innate and adaptive immunity participate in and regulate numerous human diseases. Increasing evidence implies that metabolic reprogramming mediates immune cell functional changes during immune responses. In this review, we present and discuss our current understanding of metabolic regulation in different immune cells and their subsets in response to pathological stimuli.

Serum lipids profiling perturbances in patients with ischemic heart disease and ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a common cardiovascular disorder associated with inadequate blood supply to the myocardium. Chronic coronary ischemia leads to ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Despite their rising prevalence and morbidity, few studies have discussed the lipids alterations in these patients.

Clinical characteristics and protective factors in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing in-hospital myocardial free wall rupture: a single-center, retrospective analysis.

Myocardial free wall rupture (MFWR) refers to laceration of the heart ventricle or atria, which is a rare but fatal complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In this study, we aim to identify the clinical characteristics and protective factors of free wall rupture after myocardial infarction. This is a single-center, retrospective observational analysis.

Corrigendum to "Pioglitazone Attenuates Drug-Eluting Stent-Induced Proinflammatory State in Patients by Blocking Ubiquitination of PPAR".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2016/7407153.].

Correlation of Triiodothyronine Level with In-Hospital Cardiac Function and Long-Term Prognosis in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Objective: The pathophysiologic mechanism of how thyroid function is related to the development and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains under explored, and there has been a lack of clinical investigations. In this study, we investigate the relationship between triiodothyronine (T3) level and cardiac ejection fraction (EF) as well as probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) on admission and subsequent prognosis in AMI patients.

Methods: We measured admission thyroid function, NT-proBNP, and EF by echocardiography in 345 patients diagnosed with AMI.

Combination of the CYP2C19 metabolizer and the GRACE risk score better predicts the long-term major adverse cardiac events in acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Introduction: Both Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score and CYP2C19 metabolizer status can independently predict major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We investigated whether their combination could better predict MACE occurrence in patients with ACS undergoing PCI.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 548 consecutive patients with ACS undergoing PCI.

Pioglitazone Attenuates Drug-Eluting Stent-Induced Proinflammatory State in Patients by Blocking Ubiquitination of PPAR.

The inflammatory response after polymer-based drug-eluting stent (DES) placement has recently emerged as a major concern. The biologic roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) activators thiazolidinedione (TZD) remain controversial in cardiovascular disease. Herein, we investigated the antiinflammatory effects of pioglitazone (PIO) on circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) in patients after coronary DES implantation.

Hydroxychloroquine, a promising choice for coronary artery disease?

Coronary artery disease is a common disease that seriously threaten the health of more than 150 million people per year. Atherosclerosis is considered to be the main cause of coronary artery disease which begins with damage or injury to the inner layer of a coronary artery, sometimes as early as childhood. The damage may be caused by various factors, including: smoking, high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, sedentary lifestyle, diabetes and insulin resistance.