Standardized evaluation of CAR-T cells using acellular artificial target particles.

The horizon of immunotherapy using CAR-T cells is continuously extending to treat solid tumors beyond the success in the treatment of liquid tumors. Precise evaluations of CAR-T cells for their phenotypes, quantity and quality of activation in various tumor microenvironments including different antigen densities, and the resulting effector functions are critical for the successful development of CAR-T therapies and safe translation to clinics. Unfortunately, the development of methods and tools to accommodate these needs have been lagging behind.