Effect of age, sex, and body size on the blood biochemistry and physiological constants of dogs from 4 wk. to > 52 wk. of age.

Background: Blood biochemistry and reference intervals help to differentiate between healthy and ill dogs as well as to provide information for the prognosis, evaluation, and monitoring; however, these intervals are often obtained from adult animals. It is essential to understand that puppies and adults are physiologically different, which justifies the need to obtain age-specific biochemical reference intervals. The aim of this research was to assess the potential effect of age, sex, body size, and their interaction on routine biochemical analytes and physiological constants (body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate).

Toxic Effect of Aflatoxins in Dogs Fed Contaminated Commercial Dry Feed: A Review.

Since its first patent (1897), commercial dry feed (CDF) for dogs has diversified its formulation to meet the nutritional needs of different breeds, age, or special conditions and establish a foundation for integration of these pets into urban lifestyles. The risk of aflatoxicosis in dogs has increased because the ingredients used to formulate CDF have also proliferated, making it difficult to ensure the quality required of each to achieve the safety of the entire CDF. This review contains a description of the fungi and aflatoxins detected in CDF and the ingredients commonly used for their formulation.

[Primary hyperparathyroidism: a report of 67 cases. The experience of 5 years at the IMSS Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI Specialties Hospital].

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a frequent disease. It is characterized by hypercalcemia and elevation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. The incidence is variable, being more frequent in women (3:1) in the perimenopauseal period.