An evaluation of six techniques for measuring porosity of ribbons produced by roller compaction.

Ribbon porosity is a critical parameter to monitor in the roller compaction process. In this study, six techniques for measuring the porosity of solid compacts, i.e.

Human Substantia Nigra Neurons Encode Reward Expectations.

Dopamine (DA) signals originating from substantia nigra (SN) neurons are centrally involved in the regulation of motor and reward processing. DA signals behaviorally relevant events where reward outcomes differ from expectations (reward prediction errors, RPEs). RPEs play a crucial role in learning optimal courses of action and in determining response vigor when an agent expects rewards.

Increased 4E-BP1 Expression Protects against Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Male Mice.

Obesity is a major risk factor driving the global type II diabetes pandemic. However, the molecular factors linking obesity to disease remain to be elucidated. Gender differences are apparent in humans and are also observed in murine models.

In-line quantification of two active ingredients in a batch blending process by near-infrared spectroscopy: influence of physical presentation of the sample.

The aim of this study was to apply near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to the simultaneous in-line monitoring of two active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in a pharmaceutical batch blending process. The formulation under study consisted of a high load API (A1), one polymer, a second API (A2) and one lubricant. Additionally, the effects of the presentation of A1 on the spectral data were evaluated.

Use of near-infrared spectroscopy to quantify drug content on a continuous blending process: influence of mass flow and rotation speed variations.

The aim of this study was to develop a quantitative Near-Infrared (NIR) method which monitors the homogeneity of a pharmaceutical formulation coming out of a continuous blender. For this purpose, a NIR diode array spectrometer with fast data acquisition was selected. Additionally, the dynamic aspects of a continuous blending process were studied; the results showed a well-defined cluster for the steady state, and the paths for the start-up and emptying stages were clearly identified.

Correlation between compactibility values and excipient cluster size using an in silico approach.

Background: In silico simulation and percolation theory are important tools in the study of physical and mechanical behavior of pharmaceutical compacts. The aim was to generate a new in silico simulation program that describes the mechanical structure of binary compacts formed from an excipient with excellent compactibility and a drug with null compactibility.

Materials And Methods: Paracetamol and microcrystalline cellulose powders were compressed under different pressures.

[Familial homozygous hypercholesterolemia due to the c2271delT mutation in the LDL receptor gene, detected exclusively in Mexicans].

We present the case of an 18-years old women with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in which a LDL receptor mutation (c2271delT) was found. This mutation has been informed only in Mexicans. The patient was born in Oaxaca, Mexico.

Monte Carlo simulations for the study of drug release from cylindrical matrix systems with an inert nucleus.

In this work, drug release from matrices with an inert nucleus using Monte Carlo simulation was studied. Drug-excipient systems were simulated, where the drug is a soluble material while the excipient is a non-soluble material. In the center of these devices, an inert nucleus was placed.