Factors Associated With First-Trimester Prenatal Care Initiation In The United States: A Scoping Review.

Introduction: First-trimester prenatal care is an important component of quality care during pregnancy and is associated with improved perinatal outcomes. Despite its importance, many pregnant people delay prenatal care initiation or receive no prenatal care. This scoping review assessed multilevel factors associated with first-trimester prenatal care initiation in the United States among studies that included a measure of prenatal care timing, using the socioecological model as an organizing framework.

Promoting successful health care transitions for young people aging out of foster care.

Improving adolescent to adult health care transitions (HCTs) would benefit all young people in the United States but has particular importance for the more than 120,000 adolescents and young adults (AYA) placed in foster care. Leveraging clinical guidelines and evidence-based interventions, HCT efforts inclusive of and specific to AYA placed in foster care can be strengthened through greater collaboration between child welfare, health care, and other AYA-serving systems. This Health Policy Brief advances the importance of structured Health Care Transition services for adolescents and young adults placed in foster care.

A Case Report on a Women's Residential Substance use Program in a Rural and Urban Setting.

Purpose: To describe program characteristics and outcomes of a residential substance use recovery program serving pregnant and parenting women in a rural and urban location.

Description: This assessment of administrative records from April 1, 2020 through March 31, 2022, included women in a rural (n = 140) and urban (n = 321) county in Kentucky.

Assessment: This retrospective case study used descriptive and non-parametric analyses to assess the population and examine differences between locations, race, and ethnicity for women served.

Health Differs by Foster Care Eligibility: A Nine-Year Retrospective Observational Study Among Medicaid-Enrolled Children.

Objective: This study sought to determine the prevalence and rates of physical, behavioral, and chronic health conditions among Medicaid-enrolled Colorado children by foster care eligibility codes over 9 years.

Methods: This retrospective, population-based study used Colorado's Medicaid administrative data for all enrolled children, aged <19 years old, from July 2011 to August 2020 to determine the period prevalence and rates of physical, behavioral, and chronic health conditions. We identified children in foster care by Medicaid eligibility codes and used the Pediatric Medical Complexity Algorithm version 3.

A case study on variations in network structure and cross-sector alignment in two local systems serving pregnant and parenting women in recovery.

Objective: To describe network structure and alignment across organizations in healthcare, public health, and social services sectors that serve pregnant and parenting women with substance use disorder (SUD) in an urban and a rural community.

Data Sources And Study Settings: Two community networks, one urban and one rural with each including a residential substance use treatment program, in Kentucky during 2021.

Study Design: Social network analysis measured system collaboration and cross-sector alignment between healthcare, public health, and social services organizations, applying the Framework for Aligning Sectors.

Residence in urban or rural counties in relation to opioid overdose mortality among Kentucky hospitalizations before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: At the beginning of the opioid overdose epidemic, overdose mortality rates were higher in urban than in rural areas. We examined the association between residence in an urban or rural county and subsequent opioid overdose mortality in Kentucky, a state highly impacted by the opioid epidemic, and whether this was modified by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We captured hospitalizations in Kentucky from 2016 to 2020, involving an opioid using ICD-10-CM codes T40.

Use of the Child Opportunity Index to Examine Racial Variations in Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing to Children.

To examine further racial and ethnic variations in antibiotic prescribing to children, we used the Child Opportunity Index. Black children were less likely to be prescribed an antibiotic. Low- and moderate-opportunity areas were associated with greater rates of antibiotic prescribing, after adjusting for race and other factors.

A social network analysis of interorganisational collaboration: Efforts to improve social connectedness.

The Covid-19 pandemic has challenged public health practitioners and clinicians at multiple levels to intentionally consider the impact of social isolation on health outcomes. Many community-based programmes design interventions to address tangible challenges within the social determinants of health, such as asset insecurity or food insecurity, to address health inequities. The growing need to address social isolation within marginalised communities also requires organisations to collaborate and create community partnerships that strengthen their own social integration within the community.

Behavioral Parent Training for Families With Young Deaf or Hard of Hearing Children Followed in Hearing Health Care.

Purpose: It is well established that individuals with a communication disability, including being deaf or hard of hearing (DHH), experience inequities in health services and outcomes. These inequities extend to DHH children's access to psychosocial evidence-based interventions (EBIs). Behavioral parent training is an EBI that can be used to improve caregiver and child outcomes.

Communities Helping the Hearing of Infants by Reaching Parents (CHHIRP) through patient navigation: a hybrid implementation effectiveness stepped wedge trial protocol.

Introduction: As the most common neonatal sensory disorder in the USA, infant hearing loss has an incidence of 1.7 per 1000 births. The consequences of delayed diagnosis and failure to obtain timely intervention include significant communication impairment and negative socioeconomic effects.

Study Protocol: Type 1 Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Trial of a Behavioral Parent Training Intervention for Parents of Young Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing.

Purpose: Children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) and who use hearing aids or cochlear implants are more likely than their peers with typical hearing to exhibit behavior problems. Although multiple evidence-based interventions for child behavior problems exist, they are rarely delivered to children who are DHH, and no rigorous randomized controlled trials have been conducted to determine their effects with this population. This protocol describes a study aiming to test the effectiveness of an evidence-based behavioral parent training intervention adapted for parents of young children who are DHH and simultaneously to assess key implementation outcomes and multilevel contextual factors influencing implementation.

Oral health-related quality of life in US adults with type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze factors associated with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nondiabetic US adults.

Methods: The study sample included 2945 participants (aged ≥20) selected from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 that represented 130,689,262 million persons in a probability weighted sample. Oral health outcomes were measured by the NHANES version of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) for OHRQoL and summarized as additive scores (OHIP-ADD) and as prevalence of negative impacts (OHIP-SC).

Cost Utility Analysis of Costal Cartilage Autografts and Human Cadaveric Allografts in Rhinoplasty.

Background: Human cadaveric allograft (HCA) and costal cartilage autograft (CCA) have been described for reconstruction during rhinoplasty. Neither are ideal due to infection, resorption, and donor site morbidity. The clear superiority of 1 graft over the other has not yet been demonstrated.

Antipsychotic Medications for Low-Income Preschoolers: Long Duration and Psychotropic Medication Polypharmacy.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate prescribing patterns of antipsychotic medication and factors that predict duration of use among low-income, preschool-age children.

Methods: State Medicaid claims from 2012 to 2017 were used to identify antipsychotic medication use for children <6 years old. and codes were used to describe child diagnoses.

High-level psychotropic polypharmacy: a retrospective comparison of children in foster care to their peers on Medicaid.

Background: The use of antipsychotic medication and psychotropic polypharmacy has increased in the United States over the last two decades especially for children from low-income families and those in foster care. Although attention has been paid to providing greater insight, prescribing patterns remain concerning since there is a lack of evidence related to safety and efficacy. High-level psychotropic polypharmacy has not been described.

Antibiotic prescribing to Kentucky Medicaid children, 2012-2017: Prescribing is higher in rural areas.

Purpose: Antibiotic resistance is a major public health threat. Antibiotic use is the main driver of resistance, with children and the state of Kentucky having particularly high rates of outpatient antibiotic prescribing. The purpose of this study was to describe patient and provider characteristics associated with pediatric antibiotic use in Kentucky Medicaid children.

Disparities in ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment by Race/Ethnicity in Youth Receiving Kentucky Medicaid in 2017.

Background: Kentucky has among the highest rate of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and stimulant use in the United States. Little is known about this use by race/ethnicity and geography. This article describes patterns of diagnosis of ADHD and receipt of stimulants and psychosocial interventions for children aged 6-17 years receiving Kentucky Medicaid in 2017 and identifies factors associated with diagnosis and treatment.

Assessing the Healthy People 2020 Objective to Expand Early Treatment Receipt Among a National Sample of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Objective: To assess the progress of the Healthy People 2020 (HP2020) objective to increase the proportion of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who receive treatment by 48 months old and to examine the relationship between predisposing, enabling, and need factors and age of initial treatment receipt.

Method: We used data from the National Survey of Children's Health, 2016 to 2017, a nationally representative study of US children. Our sample included children aged 3 to 17 years old with ASD who received treatment (N = 1333).

Trends in diagnosis of bipolar and disruptive mood dysregulation disorders in children and youth.

Objective: Rates of pediatric bipolar disorders have increased and some are concerned about diagnostic accuracy. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) was added to the DSM-5 in 2013. The purpose of this study was to assess diagnostic trends of bipolar disorders and DMDD and to identify predictors of receiving the DMDD diagnosis since implementation of DSM-5.

Cefdinir Use in the Kentucky Medicaid Population: A Priority for Outpatient Antimicrobial Stewardship.

Cefdinir is frequently prescribed for pediatric infections despite lack of first-line indications. We reviewed Kentucky Medicaid claims from 2012 through 2016. Cefdinir prescriptions and spending significantly increased over the study period.

Outpatient healthcare access and utilization for neonatal abstinence syndrome children: A systematic review.

Objective: The objective of this study was to systematically assess the literature regarding postnatal healthcare utilization and barriers/facilitators of healthcare in neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) children.

Methods: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsychINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Science to identify peer-reviewed research. Eligible studies were peer-reviewed articles reporting on broad aspects of primary and specialty healthcare utilization and access in NAS children.

Longitudinal Trends in the Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Stimulant Use in Preschool Children on Medicaid.

Objectives: To describe trends in the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and prescribing of stimulants in preschool-age children receiving Medicaid and to identify factors associated with the receipt of psychosocial care.

Study Design: Data were extracted from 2012-2016 Kentucky Medicaid claims for children aged <6 years. ADHD was identified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes F90.

Psychotropic Polypharmacy Among Children and Youth Receiving Medicaid, 2012-2015.

Background: The rates of mental health diagnoses in children have increased. Children in poverty have the highest rates. The use of psychotropic medication for children has been increasing, which is concerning because of the unknown long-term effects and the increased burden on the health care system.