Inadequate Reporting of Harm From Randomized Clinical Trials in Top Medical Publications.

Objective: To assess the quality of harm reporting in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in high-impact general medical journals.

Study Design And Setting: Publications of RCTs involving drugs compared with placebo controls, that were published in five general medical journals with high Impact Factors were identified from January 2022 to December 2023. Data relating to the presentation and discussion of harm were extracted and analyzed based on the Consort Harm framework.

Cardioprotective effect of crocin in patients with breast cancer receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Anthracycline chemotherapy leads to cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer. We performed a double-blind randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of crocin (crocin tablets) in reducing anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive either treatment with crocin tablets or placebo for 6 months.

A generalist medical language model for disease diagnosis assistance.

The delivery of accurate diagnoses is crucial in healthcare and represents the gateway to appropriate and timely treatment. Although recent large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in few-shot or zero-shot learning, their effectiveness in clinical diagnosis remains unproven. Here we present MedFound, a generalist medical language model with 176 billion parameters, pre-trained on a large-scale corpus derived from diverse medical text and real-world clinical records.

The Mediating Effects of Chronic Diseases in the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms in Later Life: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study.

Numerous studies have established a link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the development of depression in later life. However, the interactive relationships between ACEs, depression, and chronic diseases are still not well understood. In this study, the aim was to investigate the impact of ACEs on depressive trajectories among middle-aged and elderly individuals in China, as well as to examine the mediating roles of chronic diseases in this association.

Analysis of influencing factors of exercise systolic blood pressure response in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease aged 40-60 years.

Objectives: This study investigated the influencing factors of exercise systolic blood pressure response (ESBPR) by cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in people aged 40-60 years.

Methods: A total of 603 adults were enrolled in this study. The inclusion criteria of this cross-sectional study were adults who underwent health checks and CPX.

Randomized trial of influence of vitamin D on the prevention and improvement of symptomatic COVID-19.

We aimed to investigate the preventive effect of vitamin D2 on COVID-19 and the improvement of symptoms after COVID-19 infection. The study recruited 228 health care workers who tested negative PCR or antigen for COVID-19. Subjects were randomly allocated to vitamin D2 or non-intervention at a ratio 1:1.

Peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ alleviates human umbilical vein endothelial cell injury in deep vein thrombosis by blocking endoplasmic reticulum stress.

The present study aimed to explore the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in the development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), as well as to discover the potential regulatory mechanism of PPARγ. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with modified glycated human serum albumin (M-HSA) to mimic DVT. PPARγ expression and activity were detected using western blot analysis and the corresponding activity detection kit, respectively.

A validated estimate of visceral adipose tissue volume in relation to cancer risk.

Background: Despite the recognized role of visceral adipose tissue in carcinogenesis, its independent association with cancer risk beyond traditional obesity measures remains unknown because of limited availability of imaging data.

Methods: We developed an estimation equation for visceral adipose tissue volume using elastic net regression based on demographic and anthropometric data in a subcohort of participants in the UK Biobank (UKB; n = 23 148) with abdominal magnetic resonance imaging scans. This equation was externally validated in 2713 participants from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey according to sex, age, and race groups.

Efficacy and safety of minodronate in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with low back pain: a single-centre, randomized and open-label controlled trial.

Background: Low back pain is one of the most common symptoms of osteoporosis. The pain can seriously affect patients' mood and quality of life; it can also further aggravate bone loss, causing a serious social burden. Minodronate is an oral bisphosphonate that needs to be administered daily.

Tourniquet Effect on Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Tourniquet is applied in Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) to reduce intraoperative blood loss and improve view of surgical field. However, tourniquet use in TKA is still in dispute. Some researchers find that tourniquet may lead to extra side effects such as aggravated pain and limb swelling, while others consider that tourniquet has no significant adverse impact on clinical outcomes of TKA patients.

PM constituents associated with mortality and kidney failure in childhood-onset lupus nephritis: A 19-year cohort study.

Background: Childhood-onset lupus nephritis (cLN) is a severe form of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with high morbidity and mortality. The impact of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) on adverse outcomes in cLN remains unclear.

Methods: We combined a 19-years cLN cohort from seven provinces in China with high-resolution PM dataset from 2001 to 2020, investigating the association between long-term exposure to PM and its constituents (sulfate, nitrate, organic matter, black carbon, ammonium) with the risk of death and kidney failure, analyzed with multiple variables Cox models.

Murray law-based quantitative flow ratio for assessment of nonculprit lesions in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Introduction: Revascularization of nonculprit arteries in patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) is now recommended based on several trials. However, the optimal therapeutic strategy of nonculprit lesions remains unknown. Murray law-based Quantitative Flow Ratio (μQFR) is a novel, non-invasive, vasodilator-free method for evaluating the functional severity of coronary artery stenosis, which has potential applications for nonculprit lesion assessment in STEMI patients.

Waistline to thigh circumference ratio as a predictor of MAFLD: a health care worker study with 2-year follow-up.

Background: This study aimed to determine whether the waist-to-thigh ratio (WTTR) is associated with the incidence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in health care workers.

Methods: There were 4517 health care workers with baseline data and results from 2 follow-up examinations. We divided the subjects into 3 groups according to baseline WTTR and used the Cox hazard regression model to estimate MAFLD risk.

Influence and Clinical Significance of Knee Flexion Angle on the Anatomic Course of the Common Peroneal Nerve in the Posterolateral Corner of the Knee Joint.

Background: Detailed knowledge of the anatomic course of the common peroneal nerve (CPN) is crucial for the surgical treatment of the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship of the CPN to the PLC of the knee at different flexion angles.

Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study.

Reference Standards of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Measured With the Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Using the Treadmill in Chinese Adults Younger Than 60 Years.

Purpose: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a strong predictor of cardiorespiratory diseases and varies by race. The purpose of this study was to provide CRF reference standards and a prediction equation for peak oxygen uptake (V˙O 2peak ) from treadmill-based cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) in Chinese individuals.

Methods: Healthy participants (n = 4199) who completed a CPX using a treadmill were studied.

A Randomized Clinical Trial for Meal Bolus Decision Using Learning-based Control in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.

Context: We propose an artificial-pancreas-like algorithm (AP-A) that could automatically determine the preprandial insulin dose based on intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) data trajectories in multiple dose injection (MDI) therapy.

Objective: We aim to determine whether preprandial insulin dose adjustments guided by the AP-A are as effective and safe as physician decisions.

Methods: We performed a randomized, single-blind, clinical trial at a tertiary, referral hospital in Beijing, China.

Imaging signs for preoperative diagnosis of dural ossification in patients with thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum: a blind, randomized diagnostic accuracy study.

Background: Dural ossification (DO) is the leading cause of surgery-related dural tear in patients with ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF). An accurate preoperative diagnosis of DO is conducive to the selection of appropriate surgical methods. Although several imaging signs, such as Banner cloud sign (BCs), tram-track sign (TTs), and comma sign (Cs) have been proposed for the preoperative diagnosis of DO, their diagnostic value has not been well studied.

A global perspective: characteristics of infertility-related randomized clinical trials.

Background: Infertility is a prevalent global condition, and emerging reproductive technologies may enhance its evaluation and treatment. Understanding the current features of randomized clinical trials in infertility is crucial for improving study design and ensuring the translation of results for patient benefits.

Objectives: To investigate the primary characteristics of randomized clinical trials related to infertility and areas where require improvement.

Association of perceived discrimination with the risk of depression among US older adults: A prospective population-based cohort study.

Aims: Association between perceived discrimination and depression has been demonstrated in some sources of discrimination, such as age, sex, and race. However, the effects of perceived discrimination both in any domain and each domain on development of depression are still unclear. We aimed to estimate the association of any and each domain of perceived discrimination with the risk of depression among US older adults.