Analysis of tracheal, bronchial, and lung cancer attributable to respiratory system-related risk factors in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.

Introduction: We analyzed trends in the tracheal, bronchial, and lung (TBL) cancer disease burdens attributable to respiratory system-related risk factors in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.

Material And Methods: Based on the results of the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study, we calculated and analyzed the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in the age-standardized disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates and death rates of TBL cancer attributable to total and four individual risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally.

Results: From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized DALY rate and death rate of TBL cancer only attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution increased globally, and in all Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) quintiles, except for high SDI quintiles.

Income level is associated with differences in primary and secondary stroke prevention in China.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess differences in the effects of income level on the primary and secondary prevention of stroke in the Chinese population.

Material And Methods: This was a population-based study using data from a China Kadoorie Biobank survey that began in 2004 in 10 geographical regions. Community residents ( = 512,715) aged 30-79 years were recruited.

Association between a healthy lifestyle and the prevalence of depression in radiology residents in China: findings from a nationwide survey.

Objective: The relationship between a healthy lifestyle and depression in radiology residents remains poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the relationship between a healthy lifestyle and depressive symptoms in radiology residents in a nationwide survey.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Multiomics Profiling of Plasma Reveals Molecular Alterations Prior to a Diagnosis with Stroke Among Chinese Hypertension Patients.

We aimed to investigate the correlation between plasma proteins and metabolites and the occurrence of future strokes using mass spectrometry and bioinformatics as well as to identify other biomarkers that could predict stroke risk in hypertensive patients. In a nested case-control study, baseline plasma samples were collected from 50 hypertensive subjects who developed stroke and 50 gender-, age- and body mass index-matched controls. Plasma untargeted metabolomics and data independent acquisition-based proteomics analysis were performed in hypertensive patients, and 19 metabolites and 111 proteins were found to be differentially expressed.

Relationship between socioeconomic status and stroke: An observational and network Mendelian randomization study.

Background: The relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and stroke remains controversial, and the underlying mediator is unclear. This study aimed to assess the causal relationship of SES with stroke and its subtypes and to identify potential modifiable risk factors responsible for this relationship.

Methods: The study included 372,437 participants from the UK Biobank.

Application of Exogenous Ascorbic Acid Enhances Cold Tolerance in Tomato Seedlings through Molecular and Physiological Responses.

Ascorbic acid (AsA), an essential non-enzymatic antioxidant in plants, regulates development growth and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. However, research on AsA's role in cold tolerance remains largely unknown. Here, our study uncovered the positive role of AsA in improving cold stress tolerance in tomato seedlings.

Crystallization Modulation and Holistic Passivation Enables Efficient Two-Terminal Perovskite/CuIn(Ga)Se Tandem Solar Cells.

Two-terminal (2-T) perovskite (PVK)/CuIn(Ga)Se (CIGS) tandem solar cells (TSCs) have been considered as an ideal tandem cell because of their best bandgap matching regarding to Shockley-Queisser (S-Q) limits. However, the nature of the irregular rough morphology of commercial CIGS prevents people from improving tandem device performances. In this paper, D-homoserine lactone hydrochloride is proven to improve coverage of PVK materials on irregular rough CIGS surfaces and also passivate bulk defects by modulating the growth of PVK crystals.

Genetic association analyses highlight apolipoprotein B as a determinant of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Blood lipid levels were associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the genetic basis and causal nature remain unclear.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationships of lipids and their fractions with CKD in patients with T2D.

Methods: Our prospective analysis involved 8,607 White participants with T2D but no CKD at baseline from the UK Biobank.

Causal relationship between genetically determined plasma metabolites and stroke: A two sample Mendelian randomization study.

Introduction: This study investigates the causal relationship between plasma metabolites and stroke.

Method: The primary analytical approach employed was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, complemented by the weighted median (WM) and MR Egger methods for Additionally, validation of the identified plasma metabolites was performed using the Steiger test and LD linkage disequilibrium score. Furthermore, the main results were confirmed through data from the UK Biobank.

Identification of Blood Biomarkers in Ischemic Stroke by Integrated Analysis of Metabolomics and Proteomics.

We aimed to uncover the pathological mechanism of ischemic stroke (IS) using a combined analysis of untargeted metabolomics and proteomics. The serum samples from a discovery set of 44 IS patients and 44 matched controls were analyzed using a specific detection method. The same method was then used to validate metabolites and proteins in the two validation sets: one with 30 IS patients and 30 matched controls, and the other with 50 IS patients and 50 matched controls.

Synchronized crystallization in tin-lead perovskite solar cells.

Tin-lead halide perovskites with a bandgap near 1.2 electron-volt hold great promise for thin-film photovoltaics. However, the film quality of solution-processed Sn-Pb perovskites is compromised by the asynchronous crystallization behavior between Sn and Pb components, where the crystallization of Sn-based perovskites tends to occur faster than that of Pb.

Dietary intake of potassium, vitamin E, and vitamin C emerges as the most significant predictors of cardiovascular disease risk in adults.

Prediction models were developed to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) based on micronutrient intake, utilizing data from 90,167 UK Biobank participants. Four machine learning models were employed to predict CVD risk, with performance evaluation metrics including area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, recall, specificity, and F1-score. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model was utilized to rank the importance of 11 micronutrients in cardiovascular health.

Olink Proteomics-Based Exploration of Immuno-Oncology-Related Biomarkers Leading to Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression.

Introduction: It is crucial to investigate the distinct proteins that contribute to the advancement of lung cancer.

Material And Methods: We analyzed the expression levels of 92 immuno-oncology-related proteins in 96 pairs of lung adenocarcinoma tissue samples using Olink proteomics. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were successively screened in tumor and paraneoplastic groups, early and intermediate-late groups by a nonparametric rank sum test, and the distribution and expression levels of DEPs were determined by volcano and heat maps, etc.

Causal association between plasma metabolites and neurodegenerative diseases.

Background: Establishing causal relationships between metabolic biomarkers and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) is a challenge faced by observational studies. In this study, our aim was to investigate the causal associations between plasma metabolites and neurodegenerative diseases using Mendelian Randomization (MR) methods.

Methods: We utilized genetic associations with 1400 plasma metabolic traits as exposures.

Improved Hole-Selective Contact Enables Highly Efficient and Stable FAPbBr Perovskite Solar Cells and Semitransparent Modules.

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as the hole-selective contact have achieved remarkable success in iodine-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs), while their impact on bromine-based PSCs is limited due to the poor perovskite crystallization behavior and mismatched energy level alignment. Here, a highly efficient SAM of (2-(3,6-diiodo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid (I-2PACz) is employed to address these challenges in FAPbBr-based PSCs. The incorporation of I atoms into I-2PACz not only releases tensile stress within FAPbBr perovskite, promoting oriented crystallization and minimizing defects through halogen-halogen bond, but also optimizes the energy levels alignment at hole-selective interface for enhanced hole extraction.

AKT1 Promotes Tumorigenesis and Metastasis by Directly Phosphorylating Hexokinases.

The importance of protein kinase B (AKT) in tumorigenesis and development is well established, but its potential regulation of metabolic reprogramming via phosphorylation of the hexokinase (HK) isozymes remains unclear. There are two HK family members (HK1/2) and three AKT family members (AKT1/2/3), with varied distribution of AKTs exhibiting distinct functions in different tissues and cell types. Although AKT is known to phosphorylate HK2 at threonine 473, AKT-mediated phosphorylation of HK1 has not been reported.

Global, regional, and national burden of trachea, bronchus, and lung cancer among women of reproductive age, 1990-2019.

Background: Trachea, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer has demonstrated a discernible feminization and a tendency towards younger onset in recent decades. Therefore, our objective is to examine the most recent patterns in the worldwide prevalence of TBL among women of reproductive age on a global, regional, and national scale.

Methods: To assess the prevalence trends of TBL in women of reproductive age, we calculated the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized death rate (ASDR), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.

Two-Dimensional Materials for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer low costs and high power conversion efficiency. However, the lack of long-term stability, primarily stemming from the interfacial defects and the susceptible metal electrodes, hinders their practical application. In the past few years, two-dimensional (2D) materials (e.

Branched-chain amino acids and the risks of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease.

Background: We aimed to examine the association between blood levels of Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) - specifically isoleucine, leucine, and valine - and the susceptibility to three neurodegenerative disorders: dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: Based on data from the UK Biobank, a Cox proportional hazard regression model and a dose-response relationship were used to analyze the association between BCAAs and the risks of dementia, AD, and PD. We also generated a healthy lifestyle score and a polygenic risk score.

Predicting the risk of lung cancer using machine learning: A large study based on UK Biobank.

In response to the high incidence and poor prognosis of lung cancer, this study tends to develop a generalizable lung-cancer prediction model by using machine learning to define high-risk groups and realize the early identification and prevention of lung cancer. We included 467,888 participants from UK Biobank, using lung cancer incidence as an outcome variable, including 49 previously known high-risk factors and less studied or unstudied predictors. We developed multivariate prediction models using multiple machine learning models, namely logistic regression, naïve Bayes, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting models.