Differential impact of wildfire and rice straw ash on the skin microbiota of Rana dybowskii adults and tadpoles.

Global warming has intensified severe weather conditions and increased the frequency of wildfires, posing significant threats to ecosystems. Moreover, rice straw ash, a byproduct of human agricultural activities, represents an environmental stressor that can further impact these vulnerable ecosystems. These changes particularly impact sensitive species and microorganisms, yet limited research has explored the effects of wildfire ash and agricultural byproducts, such as rice straw ash, on amphibians.

Synergistic toxicity of cadmium and triadimefon on the microbiota and health of Rana dybowskii tadpoles.

The skin and gut microbiota are crucial to amphibians. Triadimefon (TF), a widely used triazole fungicide, controls crop diseases and regulates growth, with uncertain effects on amphibian microbiota. Contamination, typically involving mixed chemicals at low concentrations, including cadmium (Cd) and TF, may detrimentally affect amphibian growth, survival, and microbiota health in both the skin and gut, but few research has examined these consequences.

Light induced self-assembly of one-dimensional PT-symmetric optical system exhibiting pulling force.

Light induced self-assembly's non-contact and non-invasive nature, along with its versatility and dynamic assembly capabilities, make it particularly well-suited for the self-organization of particles. Previous self-assembly configurations are either in a static equilibrium state or in a dynamic equilibrium state driven by a pushing force. In this study, we introduce a one-dimensional parity-time symmetric (PT-symmetric) multilayer optical system consisting of balanced gain and loss, enabling the generation of a total pulling force on the structure.

Impact of wildfire ash on skin and gut microbiomes and survival of Rana dybowskii.

Climate change and human activities escalate the frequency and intensity of wildfires, threatening amphibian habitats and survival; yet, research on these impacts remains limited. Wildfire ash alters water quality, introduces contaminants, and may disrupt microbial communities, impacting gut and skin microbiota; however, the effects on gut and skin microbiota remain unclear. Rana dybowskii were exposed to five concentrations (0 g L, 1.

Rice straw ash and amphibian health: A deep dive into microbiota changes and potential ecological consequences.

Rice straw is burned as a result of agricultural practices and technical limitations, generating significant volumes of ash that might have environmental and ecological consequences; however, the effects on organisms have not been researched. Amphibians depend on their gut and skin microbiomes. Ash exposure may cause inflammation and changes in microbial diversity and function in frogs' skin and gut microbiota due to its chemical composition and physical presence, but the implications remain unclear.

Characteristics and a comparison of the gut microbiota in two frog species at the beginning and end of hibernation.

Season has been suggested to contribute to variation in the gut microbiota of animals. The complicated relationships between amphibians and their gut microbiota and how they change throughout the year require more research. Short-term and long-term hypothermic fasting of amphibians may affect gut microbiota differently; however, these changes have not been explored.

Effects of fine-scale habitat quality on activity, dormancy, habitat use, and survival after reproduction in Rana dybowskii (Chordata, Amphibia).

Amphibians are facing population declines and extinctions, and protecting and supplementing refuges can help species survive. However, the microhabitat requirements of most species are unknown, and artificial shelters or burrows have not been well tested for amphibians. Some amphibians exhibit complex behaviour during the transition from post-reproductive dormancy to activity.

The fate of organic peroxides indoors: quantifying humidity-dependent uptake on naturally soiled indoor window glass.

Humidity plays an important role in the surface removal and concentrations of indoor pollutants such as ozone; however, the indoor surface dynamics and chemistry of organic peroxides is largely unknown. Organic hydroperoxides (ROOHs) are known to participate in the multiphase chemistry of outdoor aerosols and clouds, suggesting that reactive uptake in condensed grime on indoor surfaces is plausible, particularly in humid homes. Here, the effect of relative humidity (RH) on the deposition velocity () and reaction probability () of a model ROOH to naturally soiled indoor glass surfaces was investigated; specifically, by using authentic isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxide (1,2-ISOPOOH) as the model compound.

Oral community health worker-led interventions in households with average levels of psychosocial factors.

Introduction: Household-level psychosocial stress levels have been linked to child tooth brushing behaviors. Community health worker (CHW) interventions that target psychosocial factors in high-risk communities have been associated with changes in health behaviors.

Aim: Observe changes in psychosocial factors over time and an association between psychosocial factors and CHW intervention dose amongst urban Chicago families.

Community health worker intervention to improve tooth brushing in young children: Results from a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Coordinated Oral health Promotion (CO-OP) Chicago is a cluster randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of a community health worker (CHW) intervention to improve tooth brushing in low-income children.

Methods: Four hundred twenty children under 3 years old (mean 21.5 months) were recruited from 20 sites in or near Chicago, IL.

Changes in the gut microbiota diversity of brown frogs (Rana dybowskii) after an antibiotic bath.

Background: Captive amphibians frequently receive antibiotic baths to control bacterial diseases. The potential collateral effect of these antibiotics on the microbiota of frogs is largely unknown. To date, studies have mainly relied on oral administration to examine the effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota; in contrast, little is known regarding the effects of bath-applied antibiotics on the gut microbiota.

Comparison of Gut Microbiota Diversity and Predicted Functions Between Healthy and Diseased Captive .

The gut microbiota plays a key role in host health, and disruptions to gut bacterial homeostasis can cause disease. However, the effect of disease on gut microbiota assembly remains unclear and gut microbiota-based predictions of health status is a promising yet poorly established field. Using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology, we compared the gut microbiota between healthy (HA and HB) and diarrhoeic (DS) groups and analyzed the functional profiles through a phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) analysis.

Environmental and host factors shaping the gut microbiota diversity of brown frog Rana dybowskii.

Symbiotic microbial communities are common in amphibians, and the composition of gut microbial communities varies with factors such as host phylogeny, life stage, ecology, and diet. However, little is known regarding how amphibians acquire their microbiota or how their growth, development, and environmental factors affect the diversity of their microbiotas. We sampled the gut microbiota during different developmental stages of brown frog Rana dybowskii, including tadpoles (T), frogs in metamorphosis (M), frogs just post-metamorphosis and after eating (F), juvenile frogs in summer (Js), adult frogs in summer (As), adult frogs in autumn (Aa), and hibernating frogs (Ah).

Comparison of the gut microbiota of Rana amurensis and Rana dybowskii under natural winter fasting conditions.

Rana amurensis and R. dybowskii occupy similar habitats. As temperatures decrease with the onset of winter, both species migrate to ponds for hibernation.

Modelling the growth of the brown frog ().

Well-controlled development leads to uniform body size and a better growth rate; therefore, the ability to determine the growth rate of frogs and their period of sexual maturity is essential for producing healthy, high-quality descendant frogs. To establish a working model that can best predict the growth performance of frogs, the present study examined the growth of one-year-old and two-year-old brown frogs () from metamorphosis to hibernation (18 weeks) and out-hibernation to hibernation (20 weeks) under the same environmental conditions. Brown frog growth was studied and mathematically modelled using various nonlinear, linear, and polynomial functions.

Experimental investigation of multiple near-perfect absorptions in sandwich structures containing thin metallic films.

We experimentally investigated near-perfect optical absorption in sandwich structures comprising a thin metallic film whose thickness is larger than the skin depth, a top dielectric layer and a truncated photonic crystal. Single and multiple near-perfect absorptions were realized by tuning the thickness of the top layer. Based on the electromagnetic field intensity distributions at the absorption wavelengths, single near-perfect absorption originated from the tunneling effect of the optical Tamm state, while multiple near-complete absorptions mainly originated from Fabry-Perot resonances.

Optical Twist Induced by Plasmonic Resonance.

Harvesting light for optical torque is of significant importance, owing to its ability to rotate nano- or micro-objects. Nevertheless, applying a strong optical torque remains a challenging task: angular momentum must conserve but light is limited. A simple argument shows the tendency for two objects with strong mutual scattering or light exchange to exhibit a conspicuously enhanced optical torque without large extinction or absorption cross section.