Plant extracellular vesicles contribute to the amplification of immune signals during systemic acquired resistance.

Plant extracellular vesicles play a role in systemic acquired resistance by facilitating the transmission of immune signals between plant cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a critical role in facilitating the transfer of nucleic acids and proteins between plants and pathogens. However, the involvement of plant EVs in intercellular communication and their contribution to the regulation of physiological and pathological conditions in plants remains unclear.

Phosphoproteomic analysis uncovers phosphorylated proteins in response to salicylic acid and N-hydroxypipecolic acid in Arabidopsis.

Background: The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) serves as a crucial signaling molecule within the realm of plant immunity, playing an indispensable role in both local and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP), a derivative of L-lysine, is integral to the induction of SAR. Recent investigations have illuminated the intricate manner in which NHP orchestrates the establishment of SAR in conjunction with the immune signal SA.

The efficacy of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer with KRAS mutation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: The KRAS mutation is highly prevalent in NSCLC and is associated with poor efficacy of immunotherapy. Nevertheless, the impact of KRAS mutation, mutation subtypes, and co-mutations on the effectiveness of immunotherapy remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the influence of the KRAS mutation on the effectiveness of immunotherapy in NSCLC, specifically examining different subtypes of KRAS mutations and co-mutations.

The structural properties of "Huilou" yam starch fermented with five microbial species.

In this study, we employed two lactic acid bacterial species, two yeast species, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to ferment "Huilou" yam starch. The aim was to explore the effects of fermentation time and microbial species on the structural properties of yam starch. The results showed that fermentation caused an increase in relative crystallinity (29.

Lambda-cyhalothrin induces heart injury in chickens by regulating cytochrome P450 enzyme system and inhibiting Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) is a common pyrethroid insecticide widely used for ectoparasite control and hygiene pest prevention in poultry and this study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of LCT-induced cardiac injury in chickens. Low, medium, and high-dose LCT exposure models in chickens were established and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, dihydroethidium (DHE) staining, TUNEL staining, immunofluorescence, biochemical analysis, and gene expression analysis were used to study the effects of LCT exposure on the chicken heart. The results showed that LCT exposure increased the serum levels of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), led to muscle fiber breakage and inflammatory cell infiltration and caused cardiac tissue damage.

Phenethyl isothiocyanate inhibits the carcinogenic properties of hepatocellular carcinoma Huh7.5.1 cells by activating MAPK/PI3K-Akt/p53 signaling pathways.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignancy with limited effective treatment options. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a bioactive substance present primarily in the cruciferous vegetables. PEITC has exhibited anti-cancer properties in various cancers, including lung, bile duct, and prostate cancers.

Design of Single-Atom Catalysts on CN for Nitrogen Fixation at Ambient Conditions: A First-Principles Study.

Single atom catalysts (SACs) exhibit the flexible coordination structure of the active site and high utilization of active atoms, making them promising candidates for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions. By the aid of first-principles calculations based on DFT, we have systematically explored the NRR catalytic behavior of thirteen 4d- and 5d-transition metal atoms anchored on 2D porous graphite carbon nitride C N . With high selectivity and outstanding activity, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ta, W and Re-doped C N are identified as potential nominees for NRR.

Extracellular vesicles in plant-microbe interactions: Recent advances and future directions.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed nanoparticles that have a crucial role in mediating intercellular communication in mammals by facilitating the transport of proteins and small RNAs. However, the study of plant EVs has been limited for a long time due to insufficient isolation and detection methods. Recent research has shown that both plants and plant pathogens can release EVs, which contain various bioactive molecules like proteins, metabolites, lipids, and small RNAs.

Iberverin exhibits antineoplastic activities against human hepatocellular carcinoma via DNA damage-mediated cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial-related apoptosis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the malignant tumors with high incidence and mortality rates in the world. Isothiocyanates (ITCs), bioactive substances present primarily in the plant order Brassicales, have been proved to be promising candidates for novel anti-HCC drugs with chemopreventive and anticancer activities. Iberverin, a predominant ITC isolated from the seeds of oxheart cabbage, has been discovered with anticancer property in lung cancer cells.

HER catalytic activity and regulation of a transition metal atom-anchored BC monolayer: a first-principles study.

An atomic-level understanding of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on a transition metal (TM) atom-anchored 2D monolayer is vital to explore highly efficient catalysts for hydrogen production. Here, the catalytic activities and modulation of TM atom (Ti, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ag, Au)-doped BC monolayers are investigated by first-principles calculations. Au@BC and Fe@BC are proven to be potentially excellent HER catalysts.

Analysis of the apoplast fluid proteome during the induction of systemic acquired resistance in .

Background: Plant-pathogen interactions occur in the apoplast comprising the cell wall matrix and the fluid in the extracellular space outside the plasma membrane. However, little is known regarding the contribution of the apoplastic proteome to systemic acquired resistance (SAR).

Methods: Specifically, SAR was induced by inoculating plants with DC3000 avrRps4.

Effect of endovascular treatment on patients with basilar artery occlusion presenting with different pathologic mechanisms: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to summarize the clinical outcomes of endovascular treatment in patients with basilar artery occlusion (BAO) with different pathologic mechanisms.

Methods: Two independent reviewers searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library database up to December 2022, patients with different BAO pathological mechanisms (BAO with in situ atherosclerosis vs. embolism alone without vertebral artery steno-occlusion vs.

Carbendazim residue in plant-based foods in China: Consecutive surveys from 2011 to 2020.

Carbendazim, a widely used fungicide in China, has been found to have reproductive toxicity and mutagenic effects. However, information on the spatial-temporal variations of carbendazim residues in food in China is limited. Here, we investigated the presence of carbendazim in China's plant-based foods from 2011 to 2020, evaluated the spatial-temporal characteristics, and assessed the associated exposure risks in the Chinese diet.

Lipid transfer proteins involved in plant-pathogen interactions and their molecular mechanisms.

Nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are small, cysteine-rich proteins that play numerous functional roles in plant growth and development, including cutin wax formation, pollen tube adhesion, cell expansion, seed development, germination, and adaptation to changing environmental conditions. LTPs contain eight conserved cysteine residues and a hydrophobic cavity that provides a wide variety of lipid-binding specificities. As members of the pathogenesis-related protein 14 family (PR14), many LTPs inhibit fungal or bacterial growth, and act as positive regulators in plant disease resistance.

Protein glycosylation changes during systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana.

N-glycosylation, an important post-translational modification of proteins in all eukaryotes, has been clearly shown to be involved in numerous diseases in mammalian systems. In contrast, little is known regarding the role of protein N-glycosylation in plant defensive responses to pathogen infection. We identified, for the first time, glycoproteins related to systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in an Arabidopsis thaliana model, using a glycoproteomics platform based on high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Clinical factors associated with initial Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy: a retrospective study in China.

The eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been decreasing every year, mainly due to the increase in antibiotic resistance. In fact, many other factors may affect H.

Combined effects of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphism on blood pressure in Chinese male hypertensive subjects.

Introduction: Genetic factors and lifestyle exposures, as well as their combinations, play important roles in the development of hypertension. We examined whether cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and the Glu298Asp polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene generate combined effects on blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive subjects.

Methods: A total of 342 essential hypertensive subjects were recruited from Susong community in Anhui province, China, from July 2017 to January 2018, and the plasma biochemical parameters and the genotype on Glu298Asp polymorphism were determined.

Clinical features and genetic spectrum in Chinese patients with recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia.

Background: Although many causative genes of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) have been uncovered in recent years, there are still approximately 50% of HSP patients without genetically diagnosis, especially in autosomal recessive (AR) HSP patients. Rare studies have been performed to determine the genetic spectrum and clinical profiles of recessive HSP patients in the Chinese population.

Methods: In this study, we investigated 24 Chinese index AR/sporadic patients by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS), Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA).

A positive association between the human tissue kallikerin gene A2233C polymorphism and blood pressure response to benazepril.

Background: It is generally believed that essential hypertension is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, as well as their interactions. Tissue kallikrein encoded by the tissue kallikrein gene (KLK1) is a key serine proteinase of kallikrein-kinin system, which is capable of generating potent vasactive peptides, kinins, by selective cleavage of the kininogen substrate. It was reported that the A2233 → C polymorphism in KLK1 gene is associated with essential hypertension.

Associations of Early Life Exposures and Environmental Factors With Asthma Among Children in Rural and Urban Areas of Guangdong, China.

Background: Environmental factors may play important roles in asthma, but findings have been inconsistent.

Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the associations between early life exposures, environmental factors, and asthma in urban and rural children in southeast China.

Methods: A screening questionnaire survey was conducted in 7,164 children from urban Guangzhou and 6,087 from rural Conghua.

Comparison the effects of pressurized salt ice packs with water ice packs on patients following total knee arthroplasty.

The aim of this study was to estimate the effects of pressurized salt ice packs (PIP) with water ice packs (WIP) which are used to relieve pain and decrease swelling on patients following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Sixty-nine patients undergoing primary unilateral TKA were randomly divided into two groups (PIP group and WIP group). We used a visual analog scale (VAS) to score knee pain and the score was recorded.

Purification and kinetic characteristics of strombine dehydrogenase from the foot muscle of the hard clam (Meretrix lusoria).

Strombine dehydrogenase (SDH, EC 1.5.1.